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Oct 28, 2014
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Bryson, David M.; Ofria, Charles
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract We investigate fundamental decisions in the design of instruction set architectures for linear genetic programs that are used as both model systems in evolutionary biology and underlying solution representations in evolutionary computation. We subjected digital organisms with each tested architecture to seven different computational environments designed to present a range of evolutionary challenges. Our goal was to engineer a general purpose...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871699
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Oct 12, 2014
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Buck, Danielle; Smith, John E.; Chung, Charles S.; Ono, Yasuko; Sorimachi, Hiroyuki; Labeit, Siegfried; Granzier, Henk L.
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This article is from The Journal of General Physiology , volume 143 . Abstract Changes in titin splicing resulting in decreased size and increased stiffness lead to pathological changes in skeletal muscle.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4001778
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Oct 28, 2014
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Choulagai, Bishnu; Onta, Sharad; Subedi, Narayan; Mehata, Suresh; Bhandari, Gajananda P; Poudyal, Amod; Shrestha, Binjwala; Mathai, Matthews; Petzold, Max; Krettek, Alexandra
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This article is from BMC International Health and Human Rights , volume 13 . Abstract Background: Skilled birth attendants (SBAs) provide important interventions that improve maternal and neonatal health and reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. However, utilization and coverage of services by SBAs remain poor, especially in rural and remote areas of Nepal. This study examined the characteristics associated with utilization of SBA services in mid- and far-western Nepal. Methods: This...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878020
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Oct 28, 2014
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Deja, Stanislaw; Dawiskiba, Tomasz; Balcerzak, Waldemar; Orczyk-Pawilowicz, Magdalena; Glod, Mateusz; Pawelka, Dorota; Mlynarz, Piotr
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. However, more than 90% of thyroid nodules are benign. It remains unclear whether thyroid carcinoma arises from preexisting benign nodules. Metabolomics can provide valuable and comprehensive information about low molecular weight compounds present in living systems and further our understanding of the biology regulating pathological processes. Herein, we applied 1H NMR-based metabolic...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871661
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Oct 28, 2014
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Duane, Sinead; Callan, Aoife; Galvin, Sandra; Murphy, Andrew W; Domegan, Christine; O'Shea, Eamon; Cormican, Martin; Bennett, Kathleen; O'Donnell, Martin; Vellinga, Akke
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This article is from Trials , volume 14 . Abstract Background: The overuse of antimicrobials is recognized as the main selective pressure driving the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in human bacterial pathogens. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections presented in primary care and empirical antimicrobial treatment is currently recommended. Previous research has identified that a substantial proportion of Irish general practitioners (GPs) prescribe...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880352
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Oct 27, 2014
10/14
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Guwatudde, David; Bwanga, Freddie; Dudley, Lilian; Chola, Lumbwe; Leyna, Germana Henry; Mmbaga, Elia John; Kumwenda, Newton; Protsiv, Myroslava; Atkins, Salla; Zwarenstein, Merrick; Obua, Celestino; Tumwine, James K
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This article is from Human Resources for Health , volume 11 . Abstract Background: The need to develop capacity for health services and systems research (HSSR) in low and middle income countries has been highlighted in a number of international forums. However, little is known about the level of HSSR training in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We conducted an assessment at four major East and Southern African universities to describe: a) the numbers of HSSR PhD trainees at these institutions, b)...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878024
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Oct 24, 2014
10/14
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Hill, Andrew F.; Pegtel, D. Michiel; Lambertz, Ulrike; Leonardi, Tommaso; O'Driscoll, Lorraine; Pluchino, Stefano; Ter-Ovanesyan, Dmitry; Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther N.M.
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This article is from Journal of Extracellular Vesicles , volume 2 . Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the collective term for the various vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular space. Such vesicles include exosomes and microvesicles, which vary by their size and/or protein and genetic cargo. With the discovery that EVs contain genetic material in the form of RNA (evRNA) has come the increased interest in these vesicles for their potential use as sources of disease...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3873759
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Oct 24, 2014
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Huw, L-Y; O'Brien, C; Pandita, A; Mohan, S; Spoerke, J M; Lu, S; Wang, Y; Hampton, G M; Wilson, T R; Lackner, M R
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This article is from Oncogenesis , volume 2 . Abstract Agents targeting the PI3K/mTOR signaling axis have shown promise in early-phase clinical trials and are currently being studied in later stages of clinical development in multiple indications. Experience with other targeted agents suggests that clinical responses may be short-lived because of acquired resistance to therapy. Here, we report preclinical modeling of acquired resistance in a HER2-positive, PIK3CA mutant breast cancer cell line,...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940863
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Oct 28, 2014
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Hyakuna, Nobuyuki; Shimomura, Yasuto; Watanabe, Arata; Taga, Takashi; Kikuta, Atsushi; Matsushita, Takeji; Kogawa, Kazuhiro; Kawakami, Chihiro; Horikoshi, Yasuo; Iwai, Tsuyako; Okamoto, Yasuhiro; Tsurusawa, Masahito; Asami, Keiko
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This article is from Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , volume 36 . Abstract Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872830
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Oct 28, 2014
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Jung, Mi Jin; Byun, Ha Young; Lee, Chang Hee; Moon, Seung Won; Oh, Min-Kyun; Shin, Heesuk
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This article is from Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine , volume 37 . Abstract Medial antebrachial cutaneous (MABC) nerve injury associated with iatrogenic causes has been rarely reported. Local anesthesia may be implicated in the etiology of such injury, but has not been reported. Two patients with numbness and painful paresthesia over the medial aspect of the unilateral forearm were referred for electrodiagnostic study, which revealed MABC nerve lesion in each case. The highly selective nature...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3895535
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Oct 25, 2014
10/14
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Kirita, Keisuke; Ishii, Genichiro; Matsuwaki, Rie; Matsumura, Yuki; Umemura, Shigeki; Matsumoto, Shingo; Yoh, Kiyotaka; Niho, Seiji; Goto, Koichi; Ohmatsu, Hironobu; Ohe, Yuichiro; Nagai, Kanji; Ochiai, Atsushi
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Background: Intralymphatic tumors in the extratumoral area are considered to represent the preceding phase of lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to clarify the biological properties of intralymphatic tumors susceptible to the development of lymph node metastasis, with special reference to the expression of cancer initiating/stem cell (CIC/CSC) related markers in cancer cells and the number of infiltrating stromal cells. Material...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871680
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Oct 26, 2014
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Konkel, Michael E; Samuelson, Derrick R; Eucker, Tyson P; Shelden, Eric A; O'Loughlin, Jason L
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This article is from Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS , volume 11 . Abstract Caveolae are 25–100 nm flask-like membrane structures enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Researchers have proposed that Campylobacter jejuni require caveolae for cell invasion based on the finding that treatment of cells with the cholesterol-depleting compounds filipin III or methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) block bacterial internalization in a dose-dependent manner. The purpose of this study was to...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880046
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Oct 25, 2014
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Kuhlmann, Franziska; Opitz, Sebastian E. W.; Inselsbacher, Erich; Ganeteg, Ulrika; Nasholm, Torgny; Ninkovic, Velemir
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Studying plant-aphid interactions is challenging as aphid feeding is a complex process hidden in the plant tissue. Here we propose a combination of two well established methods to study nutrient acquisition by aphids focusing on the uptake of isotopically labelled nitrogen (15N). We combined the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique that allows detailed recording of aphid feeding behaviour and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871520
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Oct 27, 2014
10/14
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Kurata, Akira; Kawaguchi, Naoto; Kido, Teruhito; Inoue, Katsuji; Suzuki, Jun; Ogimoto, Akiyoshi; Funada, Jun-ichi; Higaki, Jitsuo; Miyagawa, Masao; Vembar, Mani; Mochizuki, Teruhito
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of the qualitative transmural extent of hypoperfusion areas (HPA) using stress dynamic whole-heart computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging by 256-slice CT with CTP-derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) for the estimation of the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Methods and Results: Eleven patients underwent adenosine triphosphate (0.16 mg/kg/min, 5 min) stress dynamic...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871670
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Oct 24, 2014
10/14
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Luksic, Ivana; Mulic, Rosanda; Falconer, Rachel; Orban, Mirjana; Sidhu, Simrita; Rudan, Igor
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This article is from Croatian Medical Journal , volume 54 . Abstract Aim: To estimate global morbidity from acute bacterial meningitis in children. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify both community-based and hospital registry-based studies that could be useful in estimation of the global morbidity from bacterial meningitis in children. We were primarily interested in the availability and quality of the information on incidence rates and...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893986
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Oct 24, 2014
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Morimoto, Kyoko; Mizoi, Junya; Qin, Feng; Kim, June-Sik; Sato, Hikaru; Osakabe, Yuriko; Shinozaki, Kazuo; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Kazuko
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract The Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN2A (DREB2A) controls the expression of many genes involved in the plant's response to dehydration and heat stress. Despite the significance of post-translational regulation in DREB2A activation, the mechanism underlying this activation remains unclear. Here, with the aid of a newly produced antibody against DREB2A, we characterized the regulation of...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871162
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Oct 28, 2014
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Naidoo, Shalinee; Olaniran, Ademola O.
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This article is from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , volume 11 . Abstract Since 1990, more than 1.8 billion people have gained access to potable water and improved sanitation worldwide. Whilst this represents a vital step towards improving global health and well-being, accelerated population growth coupled with rapid urbanization has further strained existing water supplies. Whilst South Africa aims at spending 0.5% of its GDP on improving sanitation,...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924443
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Oct 8, 2014
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Nazarko, Taras Y.; Ozeki, Katharine; Till, Andreas; Ramakrishnan, Geetha; Lotfi, Pouya; Yan, Mingda; Subramani, Suresh
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This article is from The Journal of Cell Biology , volume 204 . Abstract The acyl-CoA–binding protein Atg37 is a new component of the pexophagic receptor protein complex that regulates the recruitment of Atg11 by Atg30 in the peroxisomal membrane during pexophagy
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3926955
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Oct 24, 2014
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Niegowski, Damian; Kleinschmidt, Thea; Olsson, Ulrika; Ahmad, Shabbir; Rinaldo-Matthis, Agnes; Haeggstrom, Jesper Z.
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This article is from The Journal of Biological Chemistry , volume 289 . Abstract Background: Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) is a membrane protein catalyzing the formation of pathogenic mediators of asthma.Results: Crystal structures of complexes of WT and mutated LTC4S with three product analogs.Conclusion: Evidence for the binding mode of LTA4 and LTC4 at the active site of LTC4S and a mechanistic model.Significance: New insights into the molecular mechanism of LTC4S.
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3931076
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Oct 23, 2014
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Oberdorfer, Bernd; Setman, Daria; Steyskal, Eva-Maria; Hohenwarter, Anton; Sprengel, Wolfgang; Zehetbauer, Michael; Pippan, Reinhard; Wurschum, Roland
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This article is from Acta Materialia , volume 68 . Abstract The release of excess volume upon recrystallization of ultrafine-grained Cu deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) was studied by means of the direct technique of high-precision difference dilatometry in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy. From the length change associated with the removal of grain boundaries in the wake of crystallite growth, a structural key quantity of grain...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3990421
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Oct 25, 2014
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Oji, Yutaka; Noda, Kazuyuki; Tokugawa, Joji; Yamashiro, Kazuo; Hattori, Nobutaka; Okuma, Yasuyuki
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This article is from Journal of Medical Case Reports , volume 7 . Abstract Introduction: Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage has many causes including trauma, vascular malformations, aneurysms, spinal cord tumors, coagulation abnormalities, use of anticoagulants, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Behçet’s disease. We report on a rare case of a spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage after severe coughing of unknown origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3878018
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Oct 28, 2014
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Okafor, Martha; Sarpong, Daniel F.; Ferguson, Aneeqah; Satcher, David
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This article is from International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , volume 11 . Abstract This article reports on the design, development, testing and presentation of preliminary evidence of a translational, culturally relevant parenting education model, titled Smart and Secured Children (SSC). SSC, a quality parenting curriculum, prepares disparate African American parents as leaders for transforming their parenting behaviors and leading their peers and community in...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924445
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Oct 23, 2014
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Oliver, Bonamy R.; Trzaskowski, Maciej; Plomin, Robert
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This article is from Developmental Psychology , volume 50 . Abstract Reviews of behavioral genetic studies note that “control” aspects of parenting yield low estimates of heritability, while “affective” aspects (parental feelings) yield moderate estimates. Research to date has not specifically considered whether positive and negative aspects of parenting—for both feelings and control—may explain these etiological distinctions. We addressed this issue using parent reports of...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977675
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Oct 21, 2014
10/14
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Oto, Jun; Li, Qian; Kimball, William R; Wang, Jingping; Sabouri, Abdolnabi S; Harrell, Priscilla G; Kacmarek, Robert M; Jiang, Yandong
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This article is from Critical Care , volume 17 . Abstract Introduction: Upper airway obstruction (UAO) is a major problem in unconscious subjects, making full face mask ventilation difficult. The mechanism of UAO in unconscious subjects shares many similarities with that of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), especially the hypotonic upper airway seen during rapid eye movement sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via nasal mask is more effective at maintaining airway patency than a full...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4056076
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Oct 29, 2014
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Peters, Howard; O'Leary, Bethan C.; Hawkins, Julie P.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Roberts, Callum M.
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Marine molluscs represent an estimated 23% of all extant marine taxa, but research into their conservation status has so far failed to reflect this importance, with minimal inclusion on the authoritative Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We assessed the status of all 632 valid species of the tropical marine gastropod mollusc, Conus (cone snails), using Red List standards and procedures to lay the...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871662
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Oct 24, 2014
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Prankerd, Richard J.; Nguyen, Tri-Hung; Ibrahim, Jibriil P.; Bischof, Robert J.; Nassta, Gemma C.; Olerile, Livesey D.; Russell, Adrian S.; Meiser, Felix; Parkington, Helena C.; Coleman, Harold A.; Morton, David A. V.; McIntosh, Michelle P.
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Oxytocin is recommended by the World Health Organisation as the most effective uterotonic for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. The requirement for parenteral administration by trained healthcare providers and the need for the drug solution to be maintained under cold-chain storage limit the use of oxytocin in the developing world. In this study, a spray-dried ultrafine formulation of oxytocin was developed with an...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871608
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Oct 24, 2014
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Rodionova, Irina A.; Li, Xiaoqing; Thiel, Vera; Stolyar, Sergey; Stanton, Krista; Fredrickson, James K.; Bryant, Donald A.; Osterman, Andrei L.; Best, Aaron A.; Rodionov, Dmitry A.
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This article is from Frontiers in Microbiology , volume 4 . Abstract L-rhamnose (L-Rha) is a deoxy-hexose sugar commonly found in nature. L-Rha catabolic pathways were previously characterized in various bacteria including Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, homology searches failed to recognize all the genes for the complete L-Rha utilization pathways in diverse microbial species involved in biomass decomposition. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of L-Rha catabolism have remained unclear in...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870299
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Oct 23, 2014
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Stevens, Misty W; Tawney, Rachel L; West, C Michael; Kight, Alicia D; Henry, Ralph L; Owens, S Michael; Gentry, W Brooks
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This article is from mAbs , volume 6 . Abstract Ch-mAb7F9, a human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed to bind (+)-methamphetamine (METH) with high affinity and specificity, was produced as a treatment medication for METH abuse. In these studies, we present the preclinical characterization that provided predictive evidence that ch-mAb7F9 may be safe and effective in humans. In vitro ligand binding studies showed that ch-mAb7F9 is specific for and only binds its target ligands...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3984342
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Oct 24, 2014
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Ushio, Hiroyuki; Ishibuchi, Seigo; Oshita, Koichi; Seki, Noriyasu; Kataoka, Hirotoshi; Sugahara, Kunio; Adachi, Kunitomo; Chiba, Kenji
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This article is from Pharmaceuticals , volume 7 . Abstract Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-17 are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because both pro-inflammatory cytokines are found in synovial fluid of RA patients. In this study, we examined the pharmacological profiles of Y-320, a new phenylpyrazoleanilide immunomodulator. Y-320 inhibited IL-17 production by CD4 T cells stimulated with IL-15 with IC50 values of 20 to 60 nM. Oral administration of...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3915191
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Oct 24, 2014
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Wu, Haibin; Qin, Jinxia; Han, Jun; Zhao, Xiaojie; Ouyang, Shuhong; Liang, Yong; Zhang, Dong; Wang, Zhenzhong; Wu, Qiuhong; Xie, Jingzhong; Cui, Yu; Peng, Huiru; Sun, Qixin; Liu, Zhiyong
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract The wax (glaucousness) on wheat leaves and stems is mainly controlled by two sets of genes: glaucousness loci (W1 and W2) and non-glaucousness loci (Iw1 and Iw2). The non-glaucousness (Iw) loci act as inhibitors of the glaucousness loci (W). High-resolution comparative genetic linkage maps of the wax inhibitors Iw1 originating from Triticum dicoccoides, and Iw2 from Aegilops tauschii were developed by comparative genomics analyses of...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871689
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Oct 25, 2014
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den Dekker, Martijn A. M.; Zwiers, Marjan; van den Heuvel, Edwin R.; de Vos, Lisanne C.; Smit, Andries J.; Zeebregts, Clark J.; Oudkerk, Matthijs; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn; Lefrandt, Joop D.; Mulder, Douwe J.
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Introduction: Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis, beyond diabetes and renal disease. Skin autofluorescence (AF) is a non-invasive marker for AGEs. We examined whether skin AF is increased in (subclinical) atherosclerosis and associated with the degree of atherosclerosis independent of diabetes and renal function. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 223 patients referred for primary...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871581
