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Oct 24, 2014
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Denkinger, Claudia M.; Pai, Madhukar; Dowdy, David W.
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 9 . Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is resistant to both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH). Whereas many TB diagnostics detect RIF-resistance, few detect INH-monoresistance, which is common and may increase risk of acquired MDR-TB. Whether inclusion of INH-resistance in a first-line rapid test for TB would have an important impact on MDR-TB rates remains uncertain. Methods: We developed a transmission model to evaluate...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880287
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Oct 17, 2014
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Ling, Daphne I; Pai, Madhukar; Schiller, Ian; Dendukuri, Nandini
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This article is from BMC Medical Research Methodology , volume 14 . Abstract Background: The absence of a gold standard, i.e., a diagnostic reference standard having perfect sensitivity and specificity, is a common problem in clinical practice and in diagnostic research studies. There is a need for methods to estimate the incremental value of a new, imperfect test in this context. Methods: We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the probability of the unknown disease status via a latent class...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077291
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Oct 26, 2014
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Steingart, Karen R.; Ramsay, Andrew; Dowdy, David W.; Pai, Madhukar
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This article is from The Indian Journal of Medical Research , volume 135 . Abstract Diagnostic tests for active tuberculosis (TB) based on the detection of antibodies (serological tests) have been commercially available for decades, although no international guidelines have recommended their use. An estimated 1.5 million serological TB tests, mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are performed in India alone every year, mostly in the private sector. The cost of serological tests in India...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401705
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Oct 29, 2014
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Ling, Daphne I; Nicol, Mark P; Pai, Madhukar; Pienaar, Sandra; Dendukuri, Nandini; Zar, Heather J
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This article is from Thorax , volume 68 . Abstract Introduction: Interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) are increasingly used for tuberculosis (TB) infection, but their incremental value beyond patient demographics, clinical signs and conventional tests for active disease has not been evaluated in children. Methods: The incremental value of T-SPOT.TB was assessed in 491 smear-negative children from two hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Bayesian model averaging was used to select the optimal...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862980
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Oct 15, 2014
10/14
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Salje, Henrik; Andrews, Jason R.; Deo, Sarang; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Sun, Amanda Y.; Pai, Madhukar; Dowdy, David W.
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This article is from PLoS Medicine , volume 11 . Abstract : Using a modelling approach, David Dowdy and colleagues investigate how different implementation strategies for Xpert MTB/RIF within the complex, fragmented healthcare system of India may affect tuberculosis control.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098913
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Oct 24, 2014
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Denkinger, Claudia M.; Kalantri, Yatiraj; Schumacher, Samuel G.; Michael, Joy S.; Shankar, Deepa; Saxena, Arvind; Sriram, Natarajan; Balamugesh, Thangakunam; Luo, Robert; Pollock, Nira R.; Pai, Madhukar; Christopher, Devasahayam J.
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This article is from PLoS ONE , volume 8 . Abstract Existing diagnostic tests for pleural tuberculosis (TB) have inadequate accuracy and/or turnaround time. Interferon-gamma (IFNg) has been identified in many studies as a biomarker for pleural TB. Our objective was to develop a lateral flow, immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on this biomarker and to evaluate the test in a clinical cohort. Because IFNg is commonly present in non-TB pleural effusions in low amounts, a diagnostic...
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871622
