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May 8, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Wireless sensor network is one of the emerging technology trends in the coming decades. These networks will consist of a large collection of embedded sensors, collaboratively providing robust distributed sensing, storage, and communication services. We study the problem of measurement and monitoring in wireless sensor networks: Systematic measurement methodology is one important component in the iterative process of system design and evaluation. A self monitoring infrastructure that indicates...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Feng Zhao, Jerry Zhao
2,045
2.0K
Dec 7, 2014
12/14
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Microsoft Research
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The Eventual Consistency (EC) approach, which does not restrict concurrent updates to replicas of an object, is essential to scalability of cloud computing. However, reconciling conflicts remains difficult, and published EC approaches are ad-hoc and error-prone; the literature offers little guidance on designing a correct EC system. Our model, Strong Eventual Consistency or SEC, is simple and theoretically sound: conflict freedom ensures safety and liveness despite any number of failures, thus...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Sebastian Burckhardt, Marc Shapiro
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Apr 29, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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What do global warming, a scientific instrument weighing about 4500 tons and bill collection have in common? The once Berkeley 'hippie chick' turned Software Architect Catharine van Ingen. Catharine has a wealth of experience in hardware, including work with the Alpha machine and MIPS processor teams, and in industrial-strength software for algorithms used to manage water flows, logging data from particle accelerator detectors, and buying Mickey Mouse watches over the Internet. On Behind the...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jennifer Sisti, Catharine van Ingen
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Oct 27, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Permutations arise fundamentally in a plethora of real world applications from multi-person tracking to preference ranking and election analysis. Real world data, often being noisy and incomplete, necessitates a probabilistic approach to learning and reasoning with permutations. However, representing arbitrary probability distributions over the space of permutations has been notoriously intractable due to the factorial number of permutations. In this talk, I will present methods for efficiently...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Thore Graepel, Jonathan Huang
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Oct 6, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Building on top of cloud computing infrastructure, instead of deploying and maintaining hardware directly, offers the promise of lower cost, simplified management, and greater scalability. This model has been used successfully for building scalable web applications and bulk data processing pipelines, but has not yet replaced much internal computing infrastructure within organizations. I will present two pieces of work aimed at migrating one class of application, internal data storage...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Ravi Pandya, Michael Vrable
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Liz Lawley, Daniel Pargman
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558
Dec 29, 2014
12/14
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Microsoft Research
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Can we trust our intuitions? Daniel Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust instincts, exploring the machinery of the mind and the two systems that drive the way we think and make choices. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. Bringing together years of research from one of the most influential psychologists in history, Thinking Fast and Slow will transform the way you think about thinking. ©2011 Microsoft Corporation. All...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kirsten Wiley, Daniel Kahneman
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May 2, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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A longstanding open problem in computational learning theory is that of learning halfspaces in the agnostic model of Kearns, Schapire and Sellie (which model can also be viewed as learning with adversarial noise). In this problem, there is an arbitrary and unknown joint distribution over n-dimensional vectors X and their 0-1 labels Y. The goal is to design an algorithm that provably learns to predict the labels of future examples with error at most (opt + eps), where opt is the error of the...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jennifer Chayes /Christian Borgs, Adam Tauman...
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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For nearly a decade, John Wood rode the '90's tech boom to a leadership position at Microsoft where he 'had it all': the big paycheck, the corporate apartment and proximity to software giant Bill Gates. All of this changed with an eye opening trip to Nepal that inspired John to make a stunning decision: He would give up his career in order to build desperately needed schools across the developing world. With LEAVING MICROSOFT TO CHANGE THE WORLD Wood tells the remarkable story of his decision...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kirsten Wiley and Kim Ricketts, John Wood
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71
May 2, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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This talk will be focused on the following three pieces of work that we have done: How to utilize unlabeled data in classification? In many real-world machine learning problems, such as web categorization, only few labeled examples can be available since labeling needs human labor, and unlabeled data are far easy to obtain. So, naturally, one may wonder if we can utilize unlabeled data in our classification tasks. I will present a simple, powerful and mathematically clean approach to this...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Chris JC Burges, Dengyong (Denny) Zhou
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438
May 7, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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How do we know what the next generation of software users cares about? Sociologists often study exotic cultures by immersing themselves in an environment until they become accepted as insiders. Bill Corsaro, a scientist 'goes native' to study the secret world of children. Here, for the first time, are the children themselves, heard through an expert who knows that the only way to truly understand them is by becoming a member of their community. That's just what Corsaro did when he traded in his...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Tamara Pesik, William Corsaro
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May 6, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Probabilistic query answering is a set of techniques used in several, very recent database applications: exploratory queries in databases, novel IR-style approaches to data integration, querying information extracted from the Web, queries over sensor networks, data acquisition, querying data sources that violate integrity constraints, controlling information disclosure in data exchange, and reasoning about privacy breaches. This is a surprisingly diverse range of applications, most of which...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Phil Bernstein and TJ Green, Dan Suciu,...
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66
Oct 27, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Jonathan Fay of Microsoft Research provides an overview of the Microsoft Research WorldWide Telescope in this session of the 2011 Open Data for Open Science Workshop. ©2011 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Learn more WorldWide Telescope Project Experience WorldWide Telescope
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jonathan Fay
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Software tends to misbehave more often than we would like due to bugs and security attacks. The good news is that there are a variety of dynamic program monitoring tools (which we call 'lifeguards') that can detect and sometimes repair these problems at runtime. The bad news, however, is that these lifeguards (e.g., Valgrind) often slow down execution by an order of magnitude or more, thereby limiting their usefulness. With the emergence of chip multiprocessing as the dominant computing...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Trishul Chilimbi, Todd C. Mowry
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Feb 10, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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Microsoft Research, MSPAC and Community Affairs are pleased to invite you to a riveting discussion with Dr. Abdul Kalam, the former President of IndiaPresident Kalam, who is often referred to as a People’s President, brings with him a multitude of experiences and achievements. He has been a distinguished scientist, advisor to the cabinet, and a leader of people. Born on October15, 1931 at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu, Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam specialized in Aeronautical Engineering...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, P. Anandan, Abdul Kalam
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Feb 16, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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Today’s frenetic process in technology, communications and lifestyles is evolving the way brains develop, function and process information—creating new neural pathways and altering brain activity at a biochemical level. To compete and thrive in this age of brain evolution all of us must adapt, and find the strategies and tools to enhance our technological, social and empathic abilities including: Key strategies for bridging the brain gap Empathy upgrades for digital natives A technology...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kirsten Wiley, Gary Small
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Feb 16, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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A large percentage of recent security problems, such as Cross-site Scripting or SQL injection, is caused by string-based code injection vulnerabilities. Most of these vulnerabilities exist because of implicit code creation through string serialization. Based on an analysis of the vulnerability class’ underlying mechanisms, we propose a general approach to out?t modern programming languages with mandatory means for explicit and secure code generation which provide strict separation between...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Helen Wang, Martin Johns
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Feb 18, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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Recent advances in software defined radio and cognitive radio have given wireless devices the ability and opportunity to dynamically access spectrum, thereby potentially significantly improving spectrum efficiency and user performance. With this opportunity comes the challenge of effective resource allocation between probing/sensing channels to find out their availability and quality, and deciding which channels to use for data transmission. In this talk we will discuss some of the unique...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Phil Chou, Mingyan Liu
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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In this talk we consider the bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless ad hoc networks. Energy consumption of the receiver necessary to process each coded bit is considered as well as the effect of a nonideal transmit amplifier. The relation between end-to-end bandwidth efficiency and energy use is determined for a dense network. A single measure of network performance called the transport efficiency is defined that measures the amount of information successfully delivered to the...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Philip A. Chou, Wayne Stark
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Liz Lawley, Elizabeth Lane Lawley, Dan Ling,...
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May 6, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Texture synthesis has been widely recognized as an important research topic. In this talk, I present a series of graphics or vision related projects that focus on texture analysis and synthesis. These projects cover 2D texture synthesis, 3D texture reconstruction, tensor-based BTF compression, static surface texture synthesis and dynamic surface flow simulation. Specifically, in 2D texture synthesis, we have introduced a new technique called feature-based synthesis which can produce superior...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Brian Guenter, Yizhou Yu
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May 8, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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XQuery is the upcoming standard language for querying XML data. The dynamic semantics of XQuery is defined in such a way that the evaluation of an XQuery expression may 'crash' (raise a run-time error). When an XQuery never crashes we say that it is well-defined. Automatic checking for well-definedness is, of course, undecidable. Nevertheless, for certain interesting fragments of XQuery that are similar in expressiveness to standard relational query languages, well-definedness can become...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yuri Gurevich, Jan Van den Bussche
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169
Sep 30, 2014
09/14
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Microsoft Research
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key note ©2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Harold Javid, Jeff Dozier, Timo Hannay, Ben...
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Oct 2, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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In this short interview, Kristin Tolle, Director of the Health and Wellbeing Group at Microsoft External Research, talks about mHealth, what it means to healthcare, and the goals of the mHealth Summit. ©2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Learn more Health and Wellbeing Case Studies Health and Wellbeing
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kristin Tolle
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107
Dec 29, 2014
12/14
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Microsoft Research
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Ashfaq Munshi, founder and CEO, Terabitz, demos Terabitz in session II of invited demonstrations at the October 2011 eScience Workshop: Transforming Scholarly Communication . This demo was presented under the subgrouping, "Resources: Seamless technologies for literature and data (literature/data search engines; cloud-based, group sharing, adjustable permissions, integration with search)" Session Moderator: Alberto Pepe, postdoctoral associate, Harvard Smithsonian Center for...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Ashfaq Munshi
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Liz Lawley, Andy Phelps
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451
May 3, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Onboard the International Space Station, astronauts execute thousands of complex procedures to maintain life support systems, check out space suits, conduct science experiments and perform medical exams, among their many tasks. Today, when carrying out these procedures, an astronaut reads from paper procedures or a PDF viewer on a laptop computer, which requires the astronaut to shift attention from the task to scroll PDF pages. The goal of the Clarissa project has been to develop an...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Ciprian Chelba, Manny Rayner
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May 7, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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User interface tools aid in the design and development of interactive systems. The next generation of user interfaces is moving off the desktop: these emerging interfaces employ novel input techniques such as tangible, haptic, and camera-based interaction, access to vast information repositories and sensor networks, and information presentation to a wide range of devices. Currently, developing this next generation of interfaces is difficult, time-consuming, and requires a high level of...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Larus, Scott Klemmer
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Sep 29, 2014
09/14
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Microsoft Research
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We present an all-pairs shortest path algorithm whose running time on a complete directed graph on n vertices with edge weights chosen independently and uniformly at random from [0,1] is O(n 2 ) , in expectation and with high probability. This resolves a long standing open problem. Joint work with Y. Peres, D. Sotnikov and U. Zwick ©2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yuval Peres, Benny Sudakov
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Oct 1, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Tom McMail, Daniel Wigdor, Mark Bolas, and...
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22
Oct 1, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Chair: Lee Dirks, Kenton McHenry
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Sep 30, 2014
09/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Chair: Judith Bishop, Walker White
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Oct 1, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Harold Javid, Tamas Szalay, Volker Springel,...
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68
Feb 18, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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In the Photo Tourism project, we demonstrated the potential for leveraging large, unstructured Internet photo collections to produce compelling 3D visualizations of real-world scenes, through acombination of new computer vision and 3D interaction techniques. More recently, we have extended these techniques in several directions. In this talk, I will describe a new 3D photo browser which addresses some of the challenges in providing effective navigation controls for 3D scenes represented as a...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Rick Szeliski, Noah Snavely
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Feb 10, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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Multi-party video conferencing is an emerging application nowadays. Many commercial products such as Microsoft Office Communicator rely on the servers to distribute the video content, which is not scalable. P2P based solutions are promising, but achieving low delay and desirable throughput on P2P links is a challenging problem. In this talk, we present our design of using utility maximization framework on P2P multi-party video conferencing. The distributed primal algorithm is designed to...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yunnan Wu, Yao Zhao
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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Scalable Parallel Computing on Many/Multicore Systems This set of lectures will review the application and programming model issues that will one must address when one gets chips with 32-1024 cores and “scalable” approaches will be needed to make good use of such systems. We will not discuss bit-level and instruction-level parallelism i.e. what happens on a possibly special purpose core, even though this is clearly important. We will use science and engineering applications to drive the...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Larus, Geoffrey Fox
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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There is an ongoing explosion in the amount and complexity of data collected by social and health scientists. Many of these are temporal data that describe time-evolving populations of individual people and their relationships between each other. Traditional training in social and health sciences does not contain a ‘data management’ course, and consequently most social and health scientists are under prepared to properly manage, manipulate, and archive the data that they collect. This has...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Marc Smith, Samuel Clark
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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Modern large-scale system design poses a unique challenge to traditional software methodologies. These systems have complex functional and non-functional requirements along many interacting axes: architectural, temporal, and, physical. Large-scale systems must be well-architected; a clear global view is essential for testing and maintainability. Unlike traditional software systems, modern systems may be highly distributed and thus sensitive to the temporal demands of an external environment....
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yuri Gurevich, Ethan Jackson
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Gemmell, Chris Pal
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May 7, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Early design decisions in software projects profoundly affect both the properties and the costs of the eventual implementation. It is much easier and cheaper to change these decisions during design than after implementation has yielded running code. Improvements in our ability to predict properties of an implementation without actually inspecting the code would enable software designers to better understand the consequences of early decisions and would facilitate comparison of design...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, John Spencer, Wolfram Schulte, Mary Shaw
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May 6, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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A central goal of information retrieval is the design of functions that rank documents according to their relevance to a query. In this talk, we present an approach to automatically learning such ranking functions. We show that clicking behavior, which unlike hyperlink structure reflects the entire user population, can provide abundant and accurate training data for this learning task. To establish the relationship between clicking behavior and the relevance of a page, we conducted an...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Susan Dumais, Thorsten Joachims
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Sep 27, 2014
09/14
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Microsoft Research
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The problem of dimension reduction has inspired many different methods over the years in the statistics and machine learning communities. However, as often seems the case, the efforts in these two communities seem largely disconnected. In this talk I will review some old statistical techniques that do not appear to be widely known in the machine learning community – estimating the Correlation Dimension, Sliced Inverse Regression, and Sliced Average Variance Estimation. I’ll put these...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Dengyong Zhou, Chris Burgess
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Oct 1, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Tom Healy, Steve Harris
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Oct 5, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Non-Photorealistic Rendering describes algorithms for creating images and animations inspired by traditional media for art and illustration. I will present some of my work in this area. Moreover, I argue that Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) research will play a key role in the scientific understanding of visual art and illustration. NPR can contribute to scientific understanding of two kinds of problems: how do artists create imagery, and how do observers respond to artistic imagery? I...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive
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May 1, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Concurrency in user applications is on the rise. Modern computers have multiple hardware threads per processor and multiple processors per chip, each of which may switch to a different software thread many times per second. Applications of the future will be heavily multithreaded. My research aims to make such programs easier to write and more resilient to the performance programs historically caused by preemption. After surveying work in several areas (including preemption-tolerant locks and...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Larus, William N. Scherer III
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Oct 6, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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In this talk, I’d like to present two very diverse topics: API usability evaluation and collaborative faceted search around the tabletop. First, I will present the Concept Maps method as a longitudinal evaluation and assessment method to elicit the programmer’s mental model of an API. Application programming interfaces (APIs) are the interfaces to existing code structures, such as widgets, frameworks, or toolkits. Therefore, they very much do have an impact on the quality of the resulting...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Natasa Milic Frayling, Jens Gerken
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Oct 31, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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There are many different notions of information-theoretic entropy and its computational analogues. The right notion and a toolbox of lemmas can make for beautifully simple proofs. Drawing on examples from information-theoretic key agreement and leakage-resilient cryptography (no background in either is assumed), I will show how various extensions of min-entropy can help analyze cryptographic constructions. I will also present some (not always well-formed) open problems. ©2011 Microsoft...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Melissa Chase, Leo Reyzin
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May 3, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Mark Lewin, Govindarajulu Regeti
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Feb 17, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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We give an overview on automatic verification of infinite-state systems in general and in particular of dynamic/parametrized networks of processes. We present (some of) the main existing approaches based on symbolic techniques with automata/logic based formalisms for reasoning about infinite sets of configurations. We show the application of the presented techniques in the verification of various classes of systems/programs (such as concurrent programs with dynamic creation of processes,...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Shaz Qadeer, Ahmed Bouajjani
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Richard Anderson, Fred Videon, Bob Riddle
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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With email we can send a message to nearly anyone, anytime, from anywhere…but that doesn’t always mean that we should. In fact, email communication presents new challenges-both in terms of writing skills and strategy-that should prompt us to ask ourselves a series of questions every time we compose an electronic memo, note, report, or reply. For example, when should you email and when should you call or show up? What is the best strategy when you send (in anger or in error) a potentially...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kim Ricketts and Kirsten Wiley, David Shipley
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May 6, 2014
05/14
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Microsoft Research
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Many software properties can be analysed through a relational size analysis on each function's inputs and outputs. Such relational analysis (through a form of dependent typing) has been successfully applied to declarative programs, and to restricted imperative programs; but it has been elusive for object-based programs. The main challenge is that objects may mutate and they may be aliased. In this paper, we show how safety policies of programs can be analysed by tracking size properties of...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Manuel Fahndrich, Corneliu Popeea
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Oct 1, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yan Xu and Eric Jul, Majid Sarrafzadeh,...
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Oct 2, 2014
10/14
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Microsoft Research
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The human brain contains 50 billion neurons with trillions of synaptic connections that allow sensory and motor systems to acquire and integrate many different forms of information. The pioneering electrical stimulation studies of Penfield mapped out the geographical regions of the cerebral cortex occupied by the somatosensory (touch), visual, auditory and olfactory system. Each sensory system occupies a unique location on the cerebral cortex. The sensory and motor circuits in the brain are...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Eric Horvitz, Richard Salvi
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Dec 6, 2014
12/14
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Microsoft Research
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Robotic technologies have the potential to play a major role in search-and-rescue missions—particularly in disaster areas that are dangerous for humans. Traditionally, operators have remotely guided robots by using a device that resembles a videogame joystick. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, are exploring ways to integrate Microsoft Surface and its natural user interface (NUI) into search-and-rescue robotics to control robots remotely with more precision and accuracy....
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive
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Dec 26, 2014
12/14
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Microsoft Research
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Research in quantum computing has offered many important new physical insights as well as the potential of exponentially increasing the computational power that can be harnessed to solve important problems in energy, medicine, computer science, physics, mathematics and material science. The largest fundamental barrier to building a scalable quantum computer is errors caused by decoherence. Topological quantum computing evades this barrier by exploiting topological materials that by their nature...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Krysta Svore, Roman Lutchyn
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Feb 16, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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The template facility of C++, through some serendipity, provides powerful support for metaprogramming and compile-time reflection. However, C++ also has many shortcomings, making C++ template metaprograms inefficient and difficult to maintain. Garcia introduces a calculus for reflective metaprogramming in his thesis that provides all of the power and flexibility of C++ templates and solves many of its problems. However, one of the problems that remains is that the residual program is not type...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Wolfram Schulte, Jeremy Siek
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Feb 13, 2014
02/14
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Microsoft Research
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The talk focuses on expander graphs in conjunction with the combined use of SDPs and eigenvalue techniques for approximating optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems. In the first part of the talk I will explain how to construct cost-effective, expanding networks by using 'local' sparsifiers of graphs that emerge as a solution to a semidefinite program. In the second part of the talk I will show that the Unique Games Conjecture is false when the underlying constraint graph is a...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Yuval Peres, Alexandra Kolla
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Apr 29, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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The idiosyncrasies of human decision-making have confounded economists and social theorists for years. If each person makes choices for personal (and often irrational) reasons, how can people's choices be predicted? What if someone told you that the way to understand human behavior is through physics rather than psychology? Computer modeling now enables us to look at humans as 'social atoms', and here we find that our collective behavior follows precise mathematical patterns. If we study...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kim Ricketts and Kirsten Wiley, Mark Buchanan
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
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Microsoft Research
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Recent years have witnessed an enormous growth of data in business, industry, and Web applications. Database search often returns a large collection of results, which poses challenges to both efficient query processing and effective digest of the query results. To address this problem, ranked search has been introduced to database systems. We study the problem of On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) of ranked queries, where ranked queries are conducted in the arbitrary subset of data defined by...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Venky Ganti, Dong Xin
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Apr 30, 2014
04/14
by
Microsoft Research
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It's way past 2001 now, where the heck is HAL? For several decades now we've had high hopes for computers amplifying our mental abilities – not just giving us access to relevant stored information, but answering our complex, contextual questions. Applications like human-level unrestricted speech understanding continue to dangle tantalizingly close but just out of reach. What's been holding AI up?The short answer is that while computers make fine idiot savants, they lack common sense: the...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Eric Horvitz, Doug Lenat
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64
May 2, 2014
05/14
by
Microsoft Research
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What has prompted Brazil, like most of Latin America, to move away from neo-liberalism? Why do the U.S. mainstream media and the Bush Administration view this political shift with suspicion? Why is such a posture to the changes taking place in Brazil and the rest of the region a mistake? In the 1980s and 1990s, neo-liberal macro-economic policies were enthusiastically embraced in Latin America. In recent years Brazil, much like the rest of Latin America, has decidedly rejected the ideas that...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Tamara Pesik, Jonathan Warren
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146
Sep 27, 2014
09/14
by
Microsoft Research
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We will describe recent advances in deep learning techniques forNatural Language Processing (NLP). Traditional NLP approaches favourshallow systems, possibly cascaded, with adequate hand-craftedfeatures. In this work we purposefully try to disregard domain-specific knowledge in favor of large-scale semi-supervised end-to-endlearning. Our systems include several feature layers, with increasingabstraction level at each layer, that is, a multi-layer neuralnetwork. We will describe training...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Chris J.C. Burges, Ronan Collobert
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35
Oct 1, 2014
10/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Lee Dirks, William Brouwer
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38
Sep 30, 2014
09/14
by
Microsoft Research
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We discuss the latest developments on linear system solvers for very large sparse Symmetric Diagonally Dominate system (SDD). This seemingly restrictive class of systems has received substantial interest and in the last 20 years both algorithm design theory and practical implementations have made substantial progress. Due to the nearly linear run times for these systems there is also a growing number of problems that can be efficiently solved using SDD solvers including: image segmentation,...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Rick Szeliski, Yiannis Koutis
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Oct 29, 2014
10/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Many scene understanding tasks are formulated as a labelling problem that tries to assign a label to each pixel of an image, that may correspond to different object classes such as car, grass or sky, or to depths or to intensity after denoising. These labelling problems are typically formulated as a pairwise Random Field, modelling the dependencies of labels of pairs of variables in the local neighborhoods. However, these pairwise models are very restricted in their expressivity and can not...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Rick Szeliski, Lubor Ladický
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40
May 1, 2014
05/14
by
Microsoft Research
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The Global Challenge, recently sponsored by the National Science Foundation ITEST program, supports young women and minority high school students to develop the knowledge, skills and personal vision to see science, technology, engineering and mathematical (STEM) studies as feasible and desirable choices for college majors. Students are formed into mentored international teams that learn together and compete for significant privately raised scholarships while working with IT tools of science -...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, John Nordlinger, David Gibson
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23
May 1, 2014
05/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Gemmell, Alan Smeaton
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105
Apr 30, 2014
04/14
by
Microsoft Research
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The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is arguably the most powerful algorithmic tool available for approximate counting problems. Most known algorithms for such problems follow the paradigm of defining a Markov chain and showing that it mixes rapidly. However, there are natural counting problems where the obvious Markov chains do not mix rapidly. Annealing and Simulated Tempering are two heuristic approaches that can be applied in such situations. Both aim at finding ways to circumvent...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jennifer Chayes, Nayantara Bhatnagar
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27
Oct 1, 2014
10/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Stewart Tansley, Hyduke Noshadi, Shaun...
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40
Sep 28, 2014
09/14
by
Microsoft Research
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What if you never had to forget anything? Trends in storage, sensing and computing will bring about an e-memory revolution in the next 10 years that will enable you to record as much of your life as want, in previously unimaginable detail. Everything you see and hear, every step you take, every heartbeat, all of it could be captured digitally. You could have Total Recall. Total Recall will revolutionize our health, our learning, and our productivity. It will change the story we pass on to...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Kirsten Wiley, Jim Gemmell and Gordon Bell
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Oct 1, 2014
10/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Antonio Zurlo
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123
Oct 31, 2014
10/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Learn about Microsoft Research Accelerators—tools and services for academics and researchers that are designed to help scientists, researchers, teachers and students explore science, analyze and visualize data, and publish the results of their research. This video provides a brief introduction to just a few of our many Research Accelerators, including the Chemistry Add-in for Word, Zentity, Scientific Workflow Workbench, and Try F#. ©2011 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Learn...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Derick Campbell
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Feb 18, 2014
02/14
by
Microsoft Research
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Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, John Nordlinger, Kelvin Sung
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226
Feb 18, 2014
02/14
by
Microsoft Research
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The shift toward multi-core processors is the most obvious implication of a greater trend toward efficient computing. In the past, hardware designers were willing to spend superlinear area and power for incremental performance improvements, but that era has come to an end.With the low-hanging fruit of processor microarchitecture having largely been picked, it is my belief that we will increasingly see a trend toward co-designing hardware with the software that runs on it.Processor designers...
Topics: Microsoft Research, Microsoft Research Video Archive, Jim Larus, Craig Zilles
