Closed captions transcript:

00:00:00
For ensuring public safety in their states
and will decide when it's safe to begin

00:00:05
to return to normal operations Democratic
leaders Northeast and along the West

00:00:10
Coast have announced separate state Compaq's
to coordinate their efforts to scale

00:00:14
back stay at home orders or reopen
businesses on their own timetables NATO

00:00:20
secretary general Jaan Stoltenberg says
he has seen examples of propaganda being

00:00:25
used during the Cove in 1900 pandemic to
tried to divide the alliance Stoltenberg

00:00:30
spoke during

00:00:31
a virtual news briefing today from
Brussels one day ahead of the NATO defense

00:00:35
ministers conference that he said they will
address how to respond to such dissent

00:00:40
from ation adding that an open and transparent
press is the best bulwark against

00:00:46
false information and propaganda the
Interfax News Agency cited Russian Foreign

00:00:50
Minister Sergei Lavrov as saying today that
President Donald Trump told his Russian

00:00:55
counterpart Vladimir Putin the u.s.

00:00:58
Is ready to send a quick note
to Russia this is video of

00:01:01
a new. North Korea test fired multiple
short range missiles today its latest

00:01:08
military provocation the comes just

00:01:09
a day before an important national election
in neighboring South Korea some of the

00:01:15
projectiles appear to be short range cruise
missiles fired from North Korea's east

00:01:19
coast while others may have been
air to ground missiles fired from

00:01:23
a fighter jet that according to South
Korean military officials India extended

00:01:28
a nationwide lockdown until May 3rd as
the number of coronavirus cases in the

00:01:33
country continued to surge but the
possibility of easing restrictions in some

00:01:38
places next week to help millions
of daily wage workers in

00:01:42
a televised address to the nation
on what was to be the last day of

00:01:45
a 3 week lockdown Prime Minister Narendra
Modi called on people to stay at home for

00:01:50
another 19 days Brazilian president I hear

00:01:54
a pulse on our all in his health minister
are in open conflict over the country's

00:01:58
coronavirus response. Leading many to worry
that the far right leader could soon

00:02:02
fire the official who's played a major
role in containing the outbreak so

00:02:07
a major American made processing plants
have closed at least temporarily because

00:02:12
their workers were sickened by the new
coronavirus raising concerns that there

00:02:17
could soon be shortages of beef pork and
poultry in supermarkets they need supply

00:02:23
chain is especially vulnerable since
processing is increasingly done at massive

00:02:28
plants that which are tens of thousands
of animals daily so the closure of the in

00:02:32
a few big ones can quickly be felt by
consumers scientists are dusting off some

00:02:37
decades old vaccines against other
germs to see if they could provide

00:02:42
a little stopgap protection
against Kobe had 19 until

00:02:46
a more precise shot arrives all of axes are
designed to target days Pacific disease

00:02:51
the belief is that vaccines made using live
strains of bacteria or viruses seem to

00:02:57
boost the immune system's 1st line of
defense more general way to guard against

00:03:01
germs no evidence yet that the approach
would read up the immune system enough to

00:03:05
matter against the new corona virus
a sailor assigned to the u.s.s.

00:03:10
Theodore Roosevelt aircraft carrier died
yesterday of complications related to the

00:03:14
coronavirus the 1st active duty military
service member to die from the disease

00:03:20
secretary of defense Mark Gaspar said the
Pentagon was deeply saddened by the loss

00:03:25
of the sailor the carrier's commanding
officer Captain Greg Crozier you'll recall

00:03:30
recently wrote

00:03:30
a letter of concern to his superiors
urging them to take decisive actions to

00:03:35
prevent deaths from the coronavirus

00:03:38
a letter was leaked to the media and 2
weeks ago he was fired by acting secretary

00:03:42
of the Navy Thomas mostly don't look now
but Joe Biden has won the Wisconsin

00:03:47
Democratic primary as was the primary held
one week ago and it's long lines among

00:03:52
very few polling places because of the
coronavirus. Bill remote I'm Joe Palca this

00:03:59
is v.o.a.

00:03:59
. New. Employment It's
today's expensive. But

00:04:07
the big one still. A.

00:04:15
Leg.

00:04:26
Up. Until

00:04:31
a. Kid

00:04:43
in Atlanta. Doesn't scan you mustn't.

00:04:51
Blame. Blame blame.

00:05:08
Blame.

00:05:36
Blame. Blame.

00:05:46
Blame blame blame blame.
Blame blame. Blame game was.

00:05:59
Played.

00:06:55
Above.

00:07:31
Kill. You've got a lot to v.o.a. One
that hits my name is the lady d.j.

00:07:37
City man once again for Nicky strong
welcome to this our music from Katy Perry

00:07:42
ariana grande dame Miley Cyrus and Justin
Bieber all on the way Larson with all the

00:07:48
time on the head. Of the candidates in
the bank from the back end of the data

00:07:55
bank from the peak.

00:11:35
It was.

00:11:59
A it's.

00:12:24
Becomes. A.

00:13:38
Killer.

00:15:04
Justin Bieber along with quite
a bow intention this is v.o.a.

00:15:07
When the heads excited about French Montana
and so I leave there coming up we have

00:15:10
got a nominal trio are going to grab

00:15:13
a Miley Cyrus and Lana Del Rey on the way
as well who's black bear on the head.

00:15:39
Somewhere.

00:16:16
Help Intel attention.

00:17:15
Being tailored to.

00:17:36
The legal. System.

00:17:48
And you are.

00:18:14
I've.

00:19:12
Played.

00:19:46
Live.

00:20:01
Keep.

00:20:21
Playing.

00:20:28
Live live

00:20:33
live live

00:20:38
live

00:20:43
live live

00:20:51
live live

00:20:58
live.

00:21:04
Live.

00:21:09
Live

00:21:17
. Live live

00:21:23
live.

00:21:26
Live.

00:21:34
Live live

00:21:39
live.

00:21:47
Live live.

00:22:13
The only one.

00:22:51
Push.

00:22:59
Poll.

00:24:15
The big. Question.

00:24:25
Please.

00:29:07
Welcome to learning English

00:29:09
a daily 30 minute program from
the Voice of America. And.

00:29:17
This program is aimed at
English learners so we speak

00:29:22
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning

00:29:29
English. Today on the
program you will hear from

00:29:36
on I'm

00:29:36
a Teo later Steve Amber earlobe present
our American history series The Making

00:29:43
of

00:29:44
a nation. But. The
administration of United States

00:29:51
President Donald Trump is using

00:29:54
a public health law to limit the number
of people who can seek asylum in the

00:30:00
u.s. . People seeking safety in the u.s.

00:30:06
From Mexico are quickly returned to
Mexico without the chance to ask for

00:30:12
asylum u.s.

00:30:15
Customs and Border Protection said
that nearly 10000 Mexicans and Central

00:30:22
Americans have been expelled to Mexico
since the rules took effect on March

00:30:29
21st Mark Morgan is the
agency's acting leader

00:30:36
he said the changes were not
about immigration Morgan

00:30:42
said there was

00:30:43
a public health crisis from
the Corona virus pandemic He

00:30:50
added that there is

00:30:51
a national emergency declared by this
president to protect the health and safety of

00:30:57
every American and in this country
Mexico is providing important

00:31:04
support it has agreed to take
migrants from Guatemala El

00:31:10
Salvador and Honduras more
than 50 percent of all people

00:31:17
arrested at the u.s.

00:31:19
Border last year were from those
countries the Trump administration has

00:31:25
not released

00:31:26
a lot of information about the rules
they have not been challenge to in court

00:31:35
the change got little attention when it
was released to the public on March 20th

00:31:43
that was the same day Trump announced
he was closing the southern border 2 on

00:31:49
necessary travel the administration used

00:31:54
a law permitting the had of the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention to ban

00:32:00
foreigners if their entry would create
serious danger related to the spread of

00:32:07
disease. C.d.c.

00:32:10
Director Dr Robert Redfield
banned foreigners for 30 days

00:32:17
he said he may extend the ban the
administration is able to do

00:32:24
what they always wanted to do I
don't see this slowing down said

00:32:31
Ehrenreich Lynn Melnyk he is with the
American Immigration Council which has

00:32:37
criticized the trumpet ministration
Mexico's sad that it will reject

00:32:43
children who are alone and
other vulnerable people Carlos

00:32:50
Gonzalez Gutierrez is Mexico's
consul general in San Diego he said

00:32:57
that includes people who are
over 65 pregnant or sick

00:33:03
a congressional assistant said the u.s.

00:33:06
Also is returning Central American children
who travel with grandparents brothers

00:33:13
and sisters or other relatives
the assistant received

00:33:19
information from Customs and Border
Protection officials and asked not to be

00:33:25
identified because the information
was not supposed to be made public

00:33:32
until recently children without their
parents were immediately put on the path to

00:33:38
us Siloam the Associated Press says
Redfield wrote that the health

00:33:45
danger of holding migrants at the tension
centers is the reason for the order

00:33:52
Morgans added some cases for
asylum would be considered Pro

00:33:59
Publica is and the pendant
organization of reporters it has

00:34:05
a border patrol document that explains
when asylum should be considered. For

00:34:11
example when an agent decides on migrants
fears of being tortured are reasonably

00:34:18
believe the migrant can ask for asylum
under the un convention against

00:34:25
torture it is

00:34:27
a lower level of asylum that is
more difficult to receive under the

00:34:34
rules age and take migrants to the nearest
border crossing in ways that reduce

00:34:41
the risk of exposure to the virus
those not sent to Mexico are

00:34:48
flown to their home countries c.b.p.

00:34:53
Said it is currently holding fewer
than 100 people last year the

00:35:00
agency was holding more than 19000 as

00:35:03
a wave of people tried to cross
the border during the 1st 11 days

00:35:10
of the new rules 6375 people
were expelled at the Mexican

00:35:17
border and 20 at the
Canadian border 10 Senate

00:35:23
Democrats sent

00:35:25
a letter to acting homeland
security secretary Chad Wolf he

00:35:31
supervises border agencies they wrote

00:35:37
a public health crisis does
not give the executive branch

00:35:41
a free pass to violate constitutional rights
nor does it give the executive branch

00:35:47
permission to operate outside of the law.

00:36:38
From the l.a.

00:36:39
Learning English this is the health
and lifestyle report throughout human

00:36:46
history we have used animals for food
and for work but thousands of years

00:36:53
ago we began using them for
something else companionship. They

00:36:59
became our pets. Pets are

00:37:03
a source of comfort and happiness they
give their owners good feelings and

00:37:09
a sense of purpose especially during
stressful or difficult times and we

00:37:16
are indeed in stressful times. In
many parts of the world people

00:37:23
are under stay at home orders to slow
the spread of the new coronavirus.

00:37:30
Stuck indoors many people may
feel isolated and lonely.

00:37:38
Having a pet especially

00:37:40
a dog can help. Experts at the
Centers for Disease Control and

00:37:46
Prevention in the United States say pets
can help ease loneliness and depression

00:37:53
by giving us companionship they make
special note of the helpful effect of

00:38:00
dogs. The c.d.c.

00:38:03
Says that dogs can have many helpful and
healthy effects on the lives of their own

00:38:10
ors. Dogs the Health
Organization says can influence

00:38:16
social emotional and mental development
in children help make their owners more

00:38:23
physically active provide companionship
and reduce people's stress

00:38:30
and anxiety the c.d.c.

00:38:34
Estimates that around 38 percent of
American households have one or more

00:38:41
dogs cats are the other most
common pets in the United States

00:38:48
of course cats can provide affection and
companionship but they are also known for

00:38:55
sometimes being selfish and
a bit distant. I myself am

00:39:02
a cat owner my cat sleeps

00:39:05
a lot has no interest
in exercise and gives

00:39:10
a limited amount of affection if
I pet her too much she will walk

00:39:17
away the coronavirus stay at
home orders have led to many pet

00:39:23
means online in the dogs appear
very happy that their owners are

00:39:30
home all the time the means show
dogs saying things like Yeah

00:39:35
a another walk that's 14 for today
in the coronavirus cadmium so

00:39:42
however cats are saying things like
why is this human in my house so much

00:39:49
and don't you have

00:39:50
a job to go to dogs are known for
being extra affectionate and

00:39:57
loyal toward their owners they like to
go on walks and they like the company of

00:40:04
humans and most experts agree
that dogs became pets before cats

00:40:12
so perhaps they have simply had more
time to perfect the art of being

00:40:17
a pet Evan McLean is

00:40:21
a biological anthropologist at the
University of Arizona biological

00:40:28
anthropologists combine biological
and social studies often to better

00:40:34
understand human evolution McLean
says that dogs may provide welcome

00:40:41
emotional support during the current
worldwide health crisis he says that

00:40:48
owning a dog not only makes

00:40:50
a person feel good emotionally dogs
also appear to help control heart rate

00:40:57
blood pressure and cortisol

00:41:00
a hormone involved in stress
responses. McLean adds that simply

00:41:07
petting your dog in

00:41:09
a soft slow way may help you
both feel more at ease on

00:41:16
its website the c.d.c.

00:41:17
Lists some health benefits of pet ownership
including cats they include decreased

00:41:24
blood pressure decreased cholesterol
levels decreased feelings of loneliness

00:41:32
increased opportunities for
exercise and outdoor activities

00:41:38
McLean says dogs can give us support
and help us weather the storm in

00:41:45
other words they help us get through

00:41:48
a very bad time dogs may provide
support and be beside us through

00:41:55
thick and thin if a pet or

00:41:58
a person is with you through thick and
thin they are with you through good times

00:42:04
and bad in other words they are
loyal and this loyalty can be very

00:42:10
comforting let's not forget that
there is work involved in keeping

00:42:16
a pet taking care of our
pets may help give us

00:42:20
a sense of purpose

00:42:23
a dog always needs to walk outside in
our current situation this gives dog

00:42:30
owners

00:42:31
a reason to safely leave the house and
get some fresh air and it makes them

00:42:38
get

00:42:38
a little exercise all of that is
important and helpful one thing we

00:42:45
know is that sitting around worrying doesn't
do much good for our mental health so

00:42:51
refocusing our mental energy on something
positive could bring relief at

00:42:57
a time like this McLean says and
that's the health and lifestyle report

00:43:04
I'm on I'm

00:43:04
a Teo. Are you at risk of getting
seriously ill from the new

00:43:11
coronavirus Here are some things to
keep in mond 80 percent of coronavirus

00:43:18
cases are modern young and healthy
people are at low risk other people and

00:43:25
those with serious health conditions have

00:43:28
a greater risk of serious illness
or even death if you have

00:43:33
a cough fever and difficulty breathing
in contact the doctor and stay away from

00:43:39
other people. For more information visit
the World Health Organization website at

00:43:46
w w w w h o dot i e n t

00:43:51
e or the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention at w w

00:43:56
w dot cdc dot gun.

00:44:17
Welcome to the making of a
nation American history in v o

00:44:22
a special English I'm Stephen Beard
Today we continue the story of the

00:44:29
37th president of the United
States Richard Nixon.

00:44:36
The year is 1969 Richard Nixon

00:44:40
a Republican is in the 1st year
of his 1st term in office his

00:44:47
biggest foreign policy problem
is the continuing war in Vietnam

00:44:54
during the election campaign Nixon had
promised to do something to end the war.

00:45:01
The question was what some Americans
wanting to withdraw troops from Vietnam

00:45:07
immediately bring the soldiers home base
say others believe the United States

00:45:14
should take whatever measures are necessary
to win expand the ground war they say

00:45:21
or even use nuclear weapons withdrawing
troops would leave South Vietnam

00:45:28
alone to resist communist North Vietnam
yet that was the reason the United

00:45:35
States had entered the conflict to prevent
the communists from capturing the south

00:45:41
. Expanding the war would not be
an easy decision either already by

00:45:48
$969.00 more Americans had
died in Vietnam Ben had died

00:45:55
during the Korean War or. For
Richard Nixon the war is

00:46:00
a terrible test if he fails is
presidency could end the way Lyndon

00:46:06
Johnson's presidency ended Johnson
decided not to run for reelection

00:46:13
after he lost public and political
support for his war policies

00:46:19
presidents have advisories and Nixon's
most important adviser was Henry Kissinger

00:46:26
Kissinger was an expert on Foreign Relations
he later served as Nixon's secretary

00:46:33
of state together they tried many
ways to settle the conflict in

00:46:39
Vietnam it took several years before the
involvement of the United States would

00:46:46
finally end. The American efforts
were both diplomatic and military

00:46:54
peace talks were taking place in Paris but
the Nixon administration started secret

00:47:01
peace talks in Paris at the same time
the administration also withdrew

00:47:08
some troops from Vietnam yet secretly
it sent other troops into Cambodia

00:47:15
and it began bombing neighboring law so.

00:47:23
The Nixon administration also started
bombing No if we get Nom I guess.

00:47:30
Lyndon Johnson had stopped the raids

00:47:33
a few years earlier. Efforts
to end American involvement in

00:47:40
Vietnam did not begin immediately
for his 1st 8 months in office

00:47:47
President Nixon made no major
policy changes. Then in

00:47:54
October 1969 he ordered the
withdrawal of 60000 troops.

00:48:02
He said he acted to speed the peace talks
he also ordered American commanders to

00:48:09
give the South Vietnamese most of the
responsibility for fighting. Americans were

00:48:16
happy event fewer troops would be
involved but many were unhappy that the

00:48:22
withdrawal was not complete huge antiwar
demonstrations took place in the

00:48:28
United States in the autumn
of 1969. On November 15th

00:48:35
several 100000 people protested
in Washington. Nixon tried to

00:48:42
explain to the American people why he was
not ordering an immediate withdrawal in

00:48:49
his words it is not the easy way it
is the right way. In the spring of

00:48:55
1970 American and South Vietnamese
troops invaded Cambodia and

00:49:02
I. Saw. The headquarters for the.

00:49:10
Military operation. Nixon described
to the American public why he had

00:49:16
decided to order the actions in Cambodia
is key control center has been occupied by

00:49:22
the North Vietnamese and.
Cambodians and. This

00:49:29
is not an invasion of. Areas
will be launched are completely.

00:49:38
Orson's once enemy forces are the sanctuary
and once their military supplies are

00:49:44
destroyed we will withdraw. Early in

00:49:51
1971 the Nixon administration decided
to provide air and artillery

00:49:58
support for the South Vietnamese
invasion of Laos the goal was to stop

00:50:05
supplies from reaching North Vietnam
through that neighboring country. South

00:50:11
Vietnamese forces destroyed many enemy
weapons but they also suffered heavy

00:50:18
losses and many American claims
were shot down after 6 weeks

00:50:25
South Vietnamese were forced to withdraw.
Many members of the United States

00:50:32
Congress were angry they said the
invasion of Laos was another in

00:50:39
a long series of failures Nixon's
administration had said the United

00:50:45
States was winning the war opposition
Democrats in Congress said the

00:50:52
administration was lying criticism by the
American public grew louder as well.

00:50:59
Demonstrations took place across the
country including on college campuses.

00:51:08
On May 4th 1970 National Guard
troops shot and killed 4 students

00:51:15
during protests at Kent State University
in Ohio this is what Neil Young me is

00:51:22
when he sings of 4 dead in Ohio in

00:51:25
a famous protest song that he wrote
in reaction to the killings and.

00:51:38
That.

00:51:49
President Nixon said again that the United
States must not permit North Vietnam to

00:51:55
take over South Vietnam Benton Johnson
had said the same thing when he was

00:52:01
president. Many Americans had

00:52:08
accepted the war but as it continued
and as more Americans died in Vietnam

00:52:15
public opinion changed. In
196561 percent of those

00:52:22
questioned said they
approved of the war by 97161

00:52:29
percent said they did not approve of
it. The official peace talks in Cairo

00:52:36
has offered little hope of a
negotiated settlement over

00:52:41
a period of several years each side made
proposals only to have the other side

00:52:48
rejected. President Nixon wanted to
address the public's anger over the war

00:52:55
so he announced that Henry Kissinger at
hild twit. Of secret meetings with no with

00:53:01
me at nominees officials. But those secret
meetings made no more progress than the

00:53:08
official time. In late March 1972

00:53:15
North Mia launched

00:53:16
a major of offensive in May Nixon
ordered increased bombing against

00:53:23
roads and railways in the north.
By the end of August the communist

00:53:30
offensive had been stopped yet many
lives had been lost the pressure to

00:53:37
withdraw American forces grew
stronger for the next 5 months

00:53:43
the Nixon administration continued

00:53:46
a policy of Fishel talks secret
meetings and increased military action

00:53:54
finally the president announced that an
agreement had been reached that the peace

00:53:59
talks in Paris there would be

00:54:01
a cease fire and negotiators from the
United States South Vietnam North

00:54:08
Vietnam and the Viet Cong would sign
be agreement under the terms of the

00:54:15
agreement all American and allied
forces would withdraw from South

00:54:21
Vietnam but north and south would be
freed to settle their conflict without

00:54:28
interference from other countries. President
Nixon announced the news from the

00:54:34
White House at 1230 Paris time today
January 23973 the agreement on ending the

00:54:40
war and restoring peace will be economic
financial by Dr Henry Kissinger on behalf

00:54:45
of the United States and special advisor
Li Dr on behalf of the Democratic Republic

00:54:50
of Vietnam the agreement will be formally
signed by the parties participating in

00:54:54
the Paris conference from Vietnam on January
2773 at the International Conference

00:55:00
Center in Paris the United States in the
Democratic Republic of Vietnam expressed

00:55:06
the whole fish agreement will ensure

00:55:08
a stable peace in Vietnam and contribute
to the preservation of lasting peace in

00:55:12
the China and Southeast Asia yet the
fighting continues and would continue even

00:55:17
after Nixon resigned from office in 1974.

00:55:25
And through 30th 1975 marked the
fall of Saigon the South Vietnamese

00:55:31
capital after the withdrawal of American
troops the North Vietnamese had planned

00:55:38
the 2 year campaign to take Saigon
It would take them just 55 days.

00:55:48
Another foreign policy issue for the next
an administration was China here was

00:55:54
Nixon's chance to shine as

00:55:56
a statesman. Come Eunice took
power in China in 1949 the

00:56:03
United States however did not recognize
the Communist Party government on the

00:56:09
mainland Instead it recognized the
Nationalist Chinese government in Taiwan

00:56:16
in the early 1970 s.

00:56:19
The Nixon administration began
trying to improve relations it eased

00:56:25
restrictions on travel to China and it
supported the visit to China by the United

00:56:32
States table tennis team so-called
ping pong diplomacy. Then President

00:56:39
Nixon made

00:56:39
a surprise announcement he
himself would visit China. The

00:56:49
historic event took place in
February 1972 Chinese premier

00:56:56
Joanne ly and party chairman Mao Zedong
greeted the American President Nixon

00:57:03
then Joe and lie held talks that opened
new possibilities for trade the next

00:57:10
year Nixon Center representative to open

00:57:13
a diplomatic office in Beijing after
more than 20 years the 2 countries

00:57:20
were communicating again they would not
establish full relations however until

00:57:26
1979 when the United States
stopped recognizing Taiwan many

00:57:33
Americans were happy at the easing of
tensions with China even as the Cold War with

00:57:40
the Soviet Union continue.
Many were proud to see their

00:57:47
president standing at the Great Wall of
China historians would later call it the

00:57:53
greatest moment in the
presidency of Richard Nixon the

00:57:59
a. In fact Nixon might have been remembered
as one of America's greatest presidents

00:58:06
if not for a break in at Democratic
Party headquarters it led to

00:58:12
a history changing series of events
that came to be known as Watergate.

00:58:21
And that's our program for today listen
again tomorrow to learn English 3 stories

00:58:28
from around the world I'm Jonathan
other times and I'm Ashley Thompson.

00:58:36
Play.

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