Closed captions transcript:

00:00:13
From Washington consensus issues in the
news welcome to issues in the news on the

00:00:20
panel this week believe Geddie us chief
correspondent for the bigger row and Dan

00:00:26
Murphy national correspondent for is
really based I 24 news moderator is c.b.s.

00:00:31
Radio contributor Michael Williams welcome
everyone here are the issues at the

00:00:36
recent g. 20 summit in Argentina the
United States and China agreed to

00:00:40
a temporary truce in their ongoing
trade war but the arrest of

00:00:43
a key Chinese business executive is
jeopardizing the planned negotiations even

00:00:47
before they began the government of French
president and manual micro withdrew its

00:00:52
planned tax increases this in the face of
weeks of national protests some of which

00:00:57
turned violent in the capital of Paris
we examine the causes and the costs. A

00:01:02
number of developments involving defendants
close to the Trump campaign signaled

00:01:06
a new sense of urgency in the investigation
into Russian election meddling and we

00:01:11
examine the life and legacy of George h.w.

00:01:15
Bush the 41st president of the United States
who died last week at the age of 94 So

00:01:22
John let's start off with the Chinese u.s.

00:01:24
Tariff talks or will see if there are talks
or how the talks are actually going the

00:01:28
agreement that was reached was sort of

00:01:30
a political agreement to give each
side more political time to avoid

00:01:34
a trade war but this arrest of the
Chinese executives seem to Lot kind of

00:01:38
a bomb into that whole situation Dan you
want to characterize what's happened here

00:01:42
so far in terms of the talks and who that
Chinese official was you know it may

00:01:46
surprise you that I actually don't think
the arrest of the chief financial officer

00:01:49
of Weiwei Chinese company that
makes cell phones and makes

00:01:53
a lot of mobile phones it's the 2nd biggest
manufacturer in the world is or I don't

00:01:58
even bigger than ample Yes
it's 2nd only to Samsung and

00:02:01
a lot of Americans don't know
way but around the world it is

00:02:04
a known brand and it's very affordable
well and with the rest of the chief

00:02:07
financial officer I don't think is going
to ruin the talks the talks are bigger and

00:02:13
let's just go back more than

00:02:15
a week ago when in Buenos Aires Argentina
the leaders of the world's biggest

00:02:20
economies were gathering for the Group of
20 Summit and the summit itself as usual

00:02:25
was filled with complicated issues where
oficial is of more than 20 governments

00:02:30
were looking at trade and economy but
everybody was just talking about the United

00:02:34
States and China because one group of 20
and did that's when President Trump and

00:02:40
she Jinping the president of China had
their working dinner and to be clear we're

00:02:44
talking about the 2 largest economies in
the world well it's incredible in their

00:02:47
meeting and when it was Iris Argentina
far from the capital cities of both

00:02:51
countries but still they brought their
main teams on the economy and trade and as

00:02:56
soon as it ended the American side said
this went great President Trump claimed

00:03:00
wonderful successes the.
China had agreed to buy

00:03:03
a lot more products that are made in
America therefore it looks like we have

00:03:08
a chance of

00:03:08
a trade deal so President Trump said he
would hold off on his threat to increase

00:03:13
from 10 percent to 25 percent
the tariff was really

00:03:17
a tax on many Chinese goods coming into
America he would hold off to allow for 90

00:03:23
days of negotiating so we were very
optimistic but when Monday rolled around we

00:03:28
weren't hearing much from China the stories
of eventually didn't really seem to

00:03:31
match and in America on Tuesday the
stock market went way down and it was

00:03:38
a rocky week in general for investors as
there just wasn't much faith in President

00:03:42
Trump saying that things were going well
and Felipe the Chinese executive did in

00:03:46
fact get arrested a very high official
and while way let's be clear there is

00:03:50
a feeling that while he is sort of an
extension of the Chinese government and

00:03:54
Chinese military and they are out to corner
the key technologies that are going to

00:03:59
lead Vance's into the future for the
next $510.00 maybe 20 years the Chinese

00:04:04
government is very
protective of to her for

00:04:06
a way the American government
is very suspicious of

00:04:09
a scam exactly for the same reasons and
there is the implicit accusation of your

00:04:15
knowledge and is it
tantamount to arresting

00:04:17
a government official when you arrest an
official of way I'm not sure you can say

00:04:21
that the thing is at this point we still
don't know exactly what is the accusation

00:04:26
in detail there is the rumor
of some violation of the u.s.

00:04:31
Embargo toward Iran it's not yet detailing
in legal papers this lady's doing kind

00:04:38
of being detained by Canadian Exactly
and there is an extradition request it

00:04:43
doesn't strike me as the same as arresting

00:04:45
a Chinese government official it doesn't
strike me that we are naming one by the

00:04:49
way I don't think this is

00:04:50
a crisis harassed it was important enough
for Department of Justice to inform the

00:04:56
National Security Advisor we just admitted
that he knew in advance at the time when

00:05:01
the 2 presidents had. This denying when
Osiris they knew his advisors at least with

00:05:06
national security they start American side
yeah the arrest was about to happen and

00:05:12
they would inform him for any you know
small fish that just happened to be caught

00:05:16
in this big net so it's
very problematical there is

00:05:20
a diplomatic dimension to these crisis it
doesn't mean that it will come from Mars

00:05:26
the dialogue between the 2 countries to the
point that you know we would be heading

00:05:30
toward a trade war without

00:05:32
a skate then the battle seems to be in the
Trump administration the battle between

00:05:37
the globalists and the hardliners and that
has been from the beginning and to this

00:05:40
point if you like the hardliners kind of
have the upper hand as you see this going

00:05:44
forward in these 90 days of negotiations
to get there who really doesn't your

00:05:47
opinion have the upper hand who's running
this thing and how this is likely to pan

00:05:51
out between the 2 factions within the
White House if you will well I'd say that

00:05:54
Donald Trump is happy to give
the impression that he is not

00:05:58
a globalist as he has said he's

00:05:59
a nationalist he only cares about America
doing well and so in particular in trade

00:06:04
talks he's just looking out for American
interests he tweeted the other day I am Mr

00:06:10
tariff and so he's not just threatening
to impose tariffs he already has even

00:06:15
against our neighbors like Canada and he
believes in it as an instrument he says

00:06:19
that not only puts pressure on the other
side but makes us money President Trump

00:06:24
thinks that many people around the world
are forgotten that when you impose

00:06:27
a tariff you collect money and he says
America is collecting billions of dollars by

00:06:31
imposing this tariff or tax on Chinese
products he said if the talks don't work out

00:06:36
that's fine we're making money I think
he's therefore not talking about the fact

00:06:40
that American consumers would suffer because
we Americans like to get cheap goods

00:06:46
from overseas but doesn't
the president have

00:06:47
a point insofar as American companies are
being forced in coerced into giving up

00:06:51
technology in order to even partner with
companies in the Chinese mainland there is

00:06:56
an issue there's an ongoing issue with
intellectual property even if there is

00:06:59
a point but is the question really is
tariffs the right. And really by the way do

00:07:03
you think they have

00:07:03
a point when say John Bolton whom you
mentioned right who works for the White House

00:07:07
he said on Friday that Americans should
think about how China does trade in

00:07:13
business and whether we want
to be trading with them it's

00:07:16
a fact that if you want to do business in
China very often you are Course to share

00:07:23
your know ledge your analogy I think not
over this and this is the heart of the

00:07:29
dispute between Brody the West and China
correct and the proper way I mean the

00:07:34
argument at least in Europe was that you
don't start another trade war with Europe

00:07:39
you join with Europe to try to correct
this problem in behavior on the part of

00:07:46
China because the Europeans are facing the
exact same issue Well we've seen so far

00:07:51
from the try ministration he does like

00:07:53
a good fight but is necessarily the best
at building coalitions so we'll see how he

00:07:57
does in the one on one trade talks that are
coming over the next 90 days let's move

00:08:01
on to the French protests I have numbers
of and you may have updated numbers fully

00:08:05
4 killed hundreds injured in protests that
engulfed France and turned very violent

00:08:09
in Paris even the basics of what the protests
were about at the beginning and where

00:08:14
the issues spread to because it seems it
sort of metastasized sort of over over

00:08:19
this list Mark was another tax on gasoline
by the way it was decided by falso alone

00:08:25
the previous president not by this one
Emmanuel McCall but it was supposed to be

00:08:30
applied starting in January so the 1st
demonstration where supposedly about this

00:08:36
very very quickly it
spilled over to become

00:08:41
a protest against other taxation and
the way the state is badly managed and

00:08:47
although there is

00:08:48
a very large safety net in France people
have the feeling that they are of

00:08:53
a taxed and that the state doesn't use them
money as it should because the deficit

00:08:58
is very high unemployment is very high the
debt is very high. Right and reforms are

00:09:04
very hard to me now after the
4th act this week and it's

00:09:09
a much bigger issue I mean
it's about it's really become

00:09:13
a referendum on the governing style of
Emmanuel Mokoena not only him yes it's very

00:09:17
much centered on on this president his
style of governing philosophy even of

00:09:22
governing let's say what happened is that
some perceived he's the election as being

00:09:27
against populism you can argue the opposite
he was kind of immediate step in this

00:09:34
populism tight in the sense that he can
paint as the anti party guy the outsider

00:09:41
he's body didn't exist 2 years ago and you
know very quickly it has morphed into

00:09:47
the new establishment that was very quick
indeed because it was only in the middle

00:09:51
of last year that he was
elected or micro was not

00:09:54
a man of either of the main 2 parties so
in the run off it was just my craw against

00:10:00
Marine Le Pen Yeah I thought it was

00:10:02
a populist nationalist then called the
National Front didn't get 70 percent of the

00:10:06
votes that's about right it was in the
over 65 so I gave the world the impression

00:10:11
that he's also really popular with his
own mouth shut on them our job party and

00:10:15
that was the impression and so you know
even President Trump thought the guy is

00:10:19
really cool is the youngest president of
the French Republic and for some of her

00:10:23
thought it was even cool that he had married
his teacher 25 years older there are

00:10:27
just so many things about him that Americans
thought were cool and then that visit

00:10:30
to the White House the long long
handshakes with President Trump What an

00:10:34
interesting person and now it's filtering
into America that well let me put it this

00:10:38
way he's

00:10:39
a loser and the Trump tweets about Emanuel
micro point out the very low popularity

00:10:46
rating it says micro 20 percent at this
macro is trying to distract people from the

00:10:51
real subject because his popularity rating
is really well down so Trump seems to

00:10:55
have decided that he's

00:10:56
a loser so from an American point of view
there's really no big desire to make him

00:11:01
. The center of America's relationship
with Europe and I thought about

00:11:06
a year ago Trump thought maybe micros the
guy well that was already when after the

00:11:12
visit to Washington back in the spring
because I know Michael tried to be the guy

00:11:18
who could talk to Donald Trump on any
occasion on behalf of the Europe and I wasn't

00:11:22
even trying to draw trump back if he could
to the Paris climate change of course

00:11:27
yeah and the 2nd challenge was to have
him not destroy the Iranian nuclear deal

00:11:33
with Iran and its effect on those 2 and
since then it's over but to go back to

00:11:38
what's going on in France I think it's

00:11:40
a crisis of regime almost
to let me give you

00:11:43
a question as we close out this topic the
government has reversed the proposal for

00:11:47
right now and if it is going to delay
imposing these taxes that sparked the whole

00:11:51
thing in the 1st place it can reverse
this proposal can't reverse the political

00:11:54
damage no and it hasn't had any impact
they have backtracked on these tax

00:12:01
doesn't change

00:12:02
a thing because now it's much more about
how you govern how people feel they are

00:12:08
not well represented by the elected class
if you want and the demands of the

00:12:14
protesters we should say that there is no
leaders among these yellow vests there

00:12:19
are 13 groups on Facebook speaking on their
behalf they don't even want themselves

00:12:25
to have any spokesperson and so it's very
very difficult to sit down with someone

00:12:31
and try to find a solution to this very
deep crisis and we're going to have to put

00:12:35
a pin of that for right now we'll take

00:12:36
a break and come back with more issues in
the news is she's in the news is coming

00:12:40
to you on The Voice of America in Washington
if you would like to download the

00:12:44
program it's free on i Tunes Just click on
the i Tunes tab on our website at v.o.a.

00:12:49
News dot com While you're there go ahead
and check out our other programs Press

00:12:53
Conference USA and encounter also
visit us on Facebook and leave

00:12:58
a comment or 2 then like as that current
affairs with Carol Castiel. Now back to

00:13:03
our panel believe us chief correspondent
for In the Figaro and Dan revealed

00:13:09
national correspondent for is really
based I 24 news moderator is c.b.s.

00:13:14
Radio contributor Michael Williams Welcome
back let's go on to the Russia probe

00:13:19
probe took on

00:13:20
a sense of real urgency I believe this
week as several sort of momentous day many

00:13:24
many Earth shocks earthquakes happen as
special prosecutor Robert Miller filed

00:13:29
documents that recommended that convicted
Trump ministration official Michael Flynn

00:13:33
received no prison time we have long time
Trump aide and confidant Roger Stone

00:13:37
saying that he will take the 5th if he
is indicted and he fully expects to be

00:13:41
indicted you have Paul Mann afford expecting
to receive sentencing recommendations

00:13:45
now that his plea agreement blew up there
is so much going on with this group of

00:13:50
people who are key to this let's start
with the Michael Flynn who of them said Ok

00:13:54
it was

00:13:55
a national security adviser at the beginning
of the trumpet administration and

00:13:58
a decorated war general generally considered
to be one of the best tacticians in

00:14:02
modern American history with
intelligence by the way not shooting

00:14:06
a gun and so he was head in fact of the
Defense Intelligence Agency under President

00:14:10
Obama but Obama decided he doesn't trust
him that the guy is has some strange ideas

00:14:16
and Obama fired him that made Flynn very
political if I can take it back 220-1526 I

00:14:22
think it's wise to do so we can get an
understanding of who this man actually

00:14:24
O'Flynn during the 2016 campaign the lie
that going coast to coast usually with

00:14:30
Donald Trump the candidate in saying
that Obama is terrible and we need new

00:14:33
leadership and he even led chants of the
big Republican Convention of the crowd

00:14:38
chanting a lock her up about Hillary
Clinton we didn't expect this from

00:14:42
a former military man who'd been head of
an intelligence agency so he became very

00:14:46
but partisan very very pro trumpet cetera
but he only lasted 3 weeks in the White

00:14:51
House because evidence was given to
President Trump that Michael Flynn had had

00:14:56
meetings and contacts with the Russian
embassy here in Washington that Flynt had

00:15:01
not. Reported later we also learned that
he was doing business with Turkey and it's

00:15:06
alleged that Flynn did not register his
work as it's often called an agent of

00:15:12
a foreign government and so he didn't do
things right is what's alleged So he was

00:15:16
fired and then he pleaded guilty to
one count of lying to the f.b.i.

00:15:21
As it investigated what he had done with
his contacts with Russia friends of Flynn

00:15:25
say all of that is unfair he's still

00:15:27
a war hero he was being unfairly pursued
by prosecutors like the special prosecutor

00:15:32
Robert Muller who hate Trump and want to
get rid of trump that's the right wing or

00:15:37
conservative story but then this past week
we learned that Flynt has been helping

00:15:41
the prosecutor apparently with enthusiasm
with nearly 2 dozen long meetings lots of

00:15:48
information and the court filing was
redacted meaning there were whole paragraphs

00:15:53
that look just like black lines we in the
public couldn't see it the judge could

00:15:57
see it as he considers the sentencing and
it said We recommend that Flynn not get

00:16:01
any prison time he's been so
cooperative in blank with

00:16:05
a secret secret and this is the story we
have so many fill in the blanks here and

00:16:09
now we actually have

00:16:09
a document that has blanks that need to
be filled and when you look at that doc

00:16:13
that sentencing document you look at
Michael Cohen pleading guilty to lying to

00:16:17
Congress and clearly the members of Congress
have said that there are others who

00:16:20
they want to call back because they feel
that they have definitely lied to Congress

00:16:25
you look at all of the other way let's
remember was Donald Trump's lawyer for many

00:16:29
mayor confident business partner he
knows where the bodies are buried as

00:16:32
a phrase because he's been helping to where
do you think this is going to we think

00:16:36
that we're getting closer to
signals as being closer to

00:16:38
a final report by Robert Mueller was getting
closer to the president and the you

00:16:43
know suck Oh definitely and you can sense
it I mean how nervous he is you can see

00:16:48
it in the tweets and so on and so forth
as you mentioned 15 spend 1000 hours with

00:16:54
the investigators and he cooperated 23
investigations one being the Russian

00:17:00
investigation to being sick. That investigations
we don't know anything about those

00:17:05
what we know is that on the 2 main issues
concerning going to try one is collusion

00:17:12
with crime Leno or Russian government you
can bet at this point that Robert Miller

00:17:18
the special prosecutor is knows everything
there is to he's got it doesn't it yeah

00:17:22
he's got definitely with so many witnesses
he has flipped and cooperating with them

00:17:27
I think he's feel the blanks maybe not
as yet because of all these redacted

00:17:32
documents on the 2nd question that
is obstruction of justice there it's

00:17:37
a legal debate in large part when you look
at how you quantify for such behavior I

00:17:44
mean tempering witnesses what is the
president doing right now he is well he's

00:17:49
dreaming of

00:17:50
a pardon to those who don't cooperate
with the investigator is that tampering

00:17:55
witnesses there is a lot of things
that have to be decided he'd in

00:17:59
a legal framework

00:18:01
a new court of justice and on this side
as well I think the special prosecutor is

00:18:06
knows more than he needs then well that
doesn't mean necessarily that Donald Trump

00:18:11
as the candidate was involved in some
illegal contacts with Russians or with

00:18:17
hackers or the Wiki Leaks etc Yes Donald
Trump might have saved him he might have

00:18:21
kept himself at

00:18:22
a great distance from it so it's speculated
that the suspects could include his son

00:18:27
who was involved in the campaign Donald
Trump Jr his son in law Jared questioner

00:18:31
who is now on the White House staff as an
advisor and of course others and maybe

00:18:35
Paul man of Ford who was campaign chairman
I mean it might stop there everyone

00:18:38
talks about anything really close to trump
we already know that the testimony of

00:18:42
Michael Cohen contradicts that off Dunn
Jr to the Congress last year we already

00:18:48
know that because done Junoon said that
there was no dealing with Russia whatsoever

00:18:53
that he was not aware of any plan

00:18:55
a project to build trying towering
musket which is contradicted by Mike

00:18:58
a car in one of the revelations at the
Trump Organization did want to make. Money

00:19:02
in Russia so you come up with possible
motives that candidate Donald Trump was so

00:19:07
concerned about making money and he
has publicly said recently so I was

00:19:11
a candidate it was possible I was going to
lose the election what do you want me to

00:19:15
do give up my business and so his argument
would be to the public the president of

00:19:20
the United States would say I'm
not affected by that sure I have

00:19:24
a hotel in Washington d.c.

00:19:26
Used by foreign governments but it doesn't
affect my decisions that's what he would

00:19:30
say again who's going to believe him and
will he be impeached or removed from

00:19:34
office over this probably not he's also
saying right now he's undermining the very

00:19:38
institutions that are investigating
that could exonerate him I don't think

00:19:42
undermine is a fair word I think is

00:19:44
a very fair word I think he's criticizing
it he's trying to get his base of voters

00:19:49
to think that the main prosecutor investigator
Robert Mueller is dishonest Muller

00:19:54
and his gang of 17 angry Democrats Trump
repeatedly writes that as though he's

00:19:59
being mistreated exactly what the grand
jury will have to decide you know they will

00:20:03
happen and to mining or just it's fair
game to credit so when you call the

00:20:07
prosecutor crooked when you say that you
had 10 any Democrats when you've fired one

00:20:12
person who is leading the investigation I
think that it seems as though he's not

00:20:15
only undermining this particular investigator
but the very institutions that would

00:20:20
investigate him or anyone and one thing to
look out for is the president soon will

00:20:25
nominate another attorney general the Senate
would have hearings her aside whether

00:20:28
to confirm that person and that will be

00:20:31
a test whether Trump goes for an inner Trump
loyalist or someone perhaps who's more

00:20:35
respected around the country will close
on this one no doubt to 2 of you will get

00:20:39
a final report before the end of the year
and if so what will be the trump response

00:20:43
. Political Colombia go
it was really really

00:20:48
a pretty when I was arrested some days it
will defend himself to the last to the

00:20:53
last inch that we don't know whether the
report from Prosecutor Robert Miller comes

00:20:56
out this month before the end of the year
when we don't now know we don't know we

00:21:00
don't know as I speculate there are some
not actually i would you know listen I

00:21:04
would say it's Republicans with wishful
thinking who say that Muller's near the end

00:21:08
of his job considering that those papers
were redacted with the black paragraphs or

00:21:13
it couldn't read that means that
Muller is still protecting his ongoing

00:21:17
investigation multiple investigations and
we don't know at this point now it was an

00:21:21
investigation into only the the meddling
by the Russians and the Trump campaign but

00:21:27
has it spread into the Trump organization
and to me it seems like we've spread into

00:21:32
the Trump Organization
or signs of which is

00:21:34
a whole nother thing let's move on to
George Herbert Walker Bush 41st president

00:21:38
United States who passed away recently at
the age of 94 we all grew up following

00:21:43
and it was my president
and you watched him from

00:21:46
a Farge want to touch on his accomplishments
and his failures and his legacy going

00:21:50
to start with you would have a couple of
minutes and your impressions of George h.w.

00:21:55
Bush as a president and as

00:21:56
a man fairly well we have heard so many
good things about him in the last few days

00:22:02
and in some of the normal
I would say he lived

00:22:05
a full life very few people dig into
his failures is the shortcomings as

00:22:11
a president you know the family had decided
that this funeral wouldn't be about

00:22:17
Donald Trump or like Senator McCain's
funeral you know this year they have tried

00:22:21
hard whatever you try you can you seem to
fail because when you hear the eulogy of

00:22:28
such

00:22:28
a man people saying he loved the truth and
he would to share the credit and shoulder

00:22:34
the blame Well you can't help drawing some
comparison with the current president so

00:22:39
and I think any president in the eyes of
the mainstream media has done so. He would

00:22:44
say he only present

00:22:45
a look at Cendant compared to the exact I'm
trying to jump administration Dan Your

00:22:49
thoughts we have to note the President Trump
was in the front row listening to all

00:22:53
of that the funeral in the National Cathedral
here in Washington lasted for 2 hours

00:22:58
and Trump sat there silently with his
wife Milan Yeah and all the other living

00:23:02
presidents were there by the way just
down that front row Obama and his wife

00:23:07
Clinton white as I feel are

00:23:08
a Jimmy Carter at age 94 and his wife and
they were all listening and they weren't

00:23:12
conversing it was an uncomfortable situation
Trump especially is so different that

00:23:16
the other presidents don't even chat with
him but Trump was listening and he had to

00:23:20
have heard how George h.w.

00:23:22
Bush was praised as a great man for being
humble being a great man for being

00:23:27
a good man when you say but
Donald Trump thinks he's

00:23:30
a good person too by making America great
when he was hearing was that there's this

00:23:34
been mazing national funeral broadcast all
around the world and the attributes of

00:23:39
George h.w.

00:23:40
Bush and I can only imagine that Trump was
thinking to himself Is that what I want

00:23:44
to be or it would be more like trying
to think I can be great and have

00:23:48
a great funeral one day with other things
he built up the economy he changed the

00:23:53
trade picture those are the things that
interest Trump he's not interested in the

00:23:57
same things as George h.w. Bush Well I
want to close by saying that George h.w.

00:24:02
Bush was not

00:24:03
a perfect man and he did not vote for civil
rights legislation when he was in the

00:24:07
Congress he was not a
perfect politician was

00:24:10
a one term president but he did lead
effectively when the greatest military

00:24:13
coalitions and effective that
we've seen he was by all accounts

00:24:16
a very good man and I think that his
legacy will be that and with his funeral I

00:24:20
think we're eulogizing as much an era
as we were a man there's a quote by

00:24:24
a writer Horton Foote that says Little by
little the look of the land changes based

00:24:28
on the men we choose to admire and I
think that we all do well to admire

00:24:31
a man like George h.w.

00:24:33
Bush that's all the time we have
thanks to Philip Shelley u.s.

00:24:36
Chief correspondent for Le Figaro and
then review of national correspondent for

00:24:40
Israeli based 24 news this program is
produced. Current Affairs are engineer is

00:24:46
just in play and I'm
Michael Williams c.b.s.

00:24:48
Radio contributor thanks for listening.

00:25:15
To learning English from the
Voice of America I'm Katie.

00:25:22
Our 30 minute program is designed for
people learning in class today on

00:25:29
the show we hear reports
from Susan shan't and. Later

00:25:36
Alice Bryant brings us the program ask

00:25:40
a teacher and we close the
show with an American story.

00:25:47
But 1st here's Brian Lynn

00:25:51
a company known for shaping trends
in color design has announced its

00:25:57
color of the year for
2019 the winning color

00:26:04
is called living coral it is based
on the look of healthy coral

00:26:11
reefs in the world's oceans
the announcement came

00:26:18
December 5th from Pan tone

00:26:22
a company with offices in the
American state of New Jersey pan

00:26:28
tone seeks to predict color trends and
examine the psychological effects

00:26:35
of color the company advises
major businesses on

00:26:42
choosing colors for their products
and advertising campaigns.

00:26:49
Its color of the year can influence
many different industries these

00:26:56
include beauty care fashion
art home and product

00:27:03
design pan tone says it's
experts look around the world

00:27:10
for color influences in these and
other industries throughout the year

00:27:18
the company's pan tone color Institute
chooses the color of the year.

00:27:27
Ice mun is the head of the
Institute she says people in our

00:27:33
busy and technological world seem
to be craving human interaction and

00:27:40
social connection corals are
groups of small organisms

00:27:47
called polyps these polyps live within

00:27:52
a hard skeleton made of
limestone millions of

00:27:59
corals grow together to
form coral reefs the reefs

00:28:05
support many kinds of sea
life coral reefs also support

00:28:12
fishing activities and
protect inland waterways

00:28:19
the color living coral Iseman
said represents humanizing and

00:28:26
heartening qualities that she
thinks people will warmly receive

00:28:33
color is an equalizing lens through
which we experience our natural and

00:28:40
digital realities she added And
this is particularly true for

00:28:47
living coral. Pen tones vice
president Laurie Pressman

00:28:54
told the Associated Press the company
considers the 2019 color of the year

00:29:01
warm and welcoming the choice
was especially important as

00:29:08
human interaction seems to be
decreasing in society she said

00:29:16
with everything that's going on today we're
looking for those humanizing qualities

00:29:23
because we're seeing
online life dehumanizing

00:29:27
a lot of things she told the a.p.

00:29:32
Pressman added that the company believes
people want colors that signal nourishment

00:29:39
and comfort to make them feel good
about themselves and the world

00:29:46
living coral is an example of
that she said it's not too heavy

00:29:53
we want to play we want
to be uplifted Pressman

00:30:00
added that while living coral is very
bright and eye catching it is not so

00:30:06
overpowering and in your face
the announcement comes at

00:30:13
a time when rising water temperatures and
human activities continue to harm coral

00:30:20
reefs around the world such
damage can remove the bright

00:30:27
colors that represent coral
as living breathing thing. A

00:30:34
pen tone statement said that living coral
represents the energizing elements

00:30:40
found in nature. It said the color
shows the power of coral reefs

00:30:47
to provide shelter to

00:30:49
a great kaleidoscope of
color. I am Brian lan.

00:31:07
The. Medium. To

00:31:14
be

00:31:15
a. Cat lovers know that the animals spend

00:31:22
a lot of time cleaning themselves
cats use their tongues to remove

00:31:28
dirt from their fur and
smoothed out their hair

00:31:34
scientists are now learning how the
rough sandpaper like surface of cats

00:31:41
tongues helps the animal get
clean and stay cool list

00:31:48
secret small hole that stand
up on the tongue with scoops

00:31:54
small rounded areas built in to
carry saliva deep into all that

00:32:01
hair

00:32:04
a team of mechanical engineers reported
the findings this month they said their

00:32:10
discoveries are more than unusual and
could lead to inventions for people

00:32:18
a cat's tongue could help people put
liquids or medicine on hairy skin said

00:32:25
lead researcher Alexis Nowell of the
Georgia Institute of Technology

00:32:32
you know is seeking property rights for

00:32:35
a 3 dimensional printed tool
that acts like the tongue cats

00:32:42
spend up to 25 percent of their waking
hours cleaning themselves. I know all said

00:32:49
she became interested in the subject when
her cat Murphy struggled to free his

00:32:55
tongue from

00:32:56
a soft blanket scientists had always thought
that the tongue was rough because it

00:33:02
had small an even bumps no wondered why

00:33:10
1st computed toe Margraf e c

00:33:13
t images of cats tongues showed they
are not raised areas but small hole x.

00:33:20
With scoops at the end the hooks are
flat but when cats need them for self

00:33:27
cleaning they stand up no explains
the scientific name for them is

00:33:34
peppy ally the Georgia Tech researcher
found that the pap Pillai take in

00:33:41
liquid a house cat has nearly
$300.00 pet Pillai that hold

00:33:47
a small amount of saliva that is
released when the tongue presses on for

00:33:55
no sought evidence that the path
Pillai helped the animals stay extra

00:34:01
clean Next she examined the tongues
of other cats in the species like

00:34:08
lions Pillai were only

00:34:11
a little longer in lions than in cats
noted knoll and David Hugh an associate

00:34:18
professor at Georgia Tech their findings
were published in Proceedings of the

00:34:25
National Academy of Sciences
next no measured cat for which

00:34:31
hold

00:34:32
a lot of air to keep the animal warm when
the fur is pushed down flat against the

00:34:39
cat's skin the distance is the same
as the lens of the pet Pillai she

00:34:45
discovered. The one exception was
the far of long haired Persian cats

00:34:52
I'm Susan share.

00:35:02
Today we will answer

00:35:04
a question about 2 mis understood
modal verbs modal verbs are helping

00:35:11
verbs they help us express
things like necessity permission

00:35:18
ability and possibility for example
I can bring the bag tomorrow

00:35:25
uses the modal verb can to
express ability now here

00:35:32
is our question hi can you tell me
the difference between must and

00:35:39
have to Hello Manuel thanks
for writing the modal

00:35:46
verbs must and have do are very
close in meaning they both express

00:35:52
a requirement or need to do
something 1st let me tell you what

00:35:59
grammar books say about these verbs then
I will tell you how we really use them

00:36:07
grammar books say that must expresses
that the speaker has decided that

00:36:13
something is

00:36:14
a requirement or necessity and have
to do expresses that someone else has

00:36:21
made something a requirement or
necessity an example would be

00:36:26
a rule or law but in the real world
we do not often separate the

00:36:33
meanings this way we use both
models to express that something

00:36:40
is required or necessary I must. I have to

00:36:48
go to the doctor today is

00:36:52
a rule or law we have to we must pay

00:36:58
off the loan by December is very probable

00:37:05
you have not slept since
yesterday you must you have to

00:37:13
be tired or to say that
someone should do something

00:37:20
you must you have to watch
this show it's so funny

00:37:28
However when speaking American English
we usually only use must to say

00:37:35
that something is very likely for all
other meanings it usually sounds too

00:37:42
formal or official and
Americans rarely use must and

00:37:48
questions except when criticizing
someone must to chew so

00:37:55
loud and here is something to
watch for the negative forms of

00:38:02
must and have to have completely different
meanings we use the negative of have to

00:38:08
do when something is not required or
necessary you don't have to wash the dishes

00:38:15
all wash them. But must not or mustn't
means that something is banned

00:38:22
or not permitted. And that's Ask
the teacher I'm Alice Bryan.

00:38:38
And now it's time for an American story
here is the furnished room by Oh

00:38:45
Henry wrestlers always moving
forever passing time itself.

00:38:52
Most of the people who live in these old
red houses this is on New York's West

00:38:59
Side the people home. Yet they have

00:39:03
a 100 homes they go from furnished
room to furnished room. There

00:39:10
transcends transients forever transients
in living places transients and hocked in

00:39:16
mind they sing the song Home sweet
home but they sing it without

00:39:23
feeling mean. They can carry
everything they own in one small box

00:39:31
they know nothing of gardens to them
flowers in leaves or something to put on

00:39:36
a woman's hat the houses of
this part of the city have had

00:39:41
a 1000 people living in them
therefore each house should have

00:39:45
a 1000 stories to tell perhaps most of
the stories would not be interesting

00:39:52
but it would be strange if you did not
feel in some of these. That you were among

00:39:58
people you could not see the spirits of
some who had lived and suffered there must

00:40:03
surely remain though their
bodies had gone one

00:40:10
evening

00:40:11
a young man appeared going from one to
another of these big old houses ringing the

00:40:17
doorbell. At the 12th house he
put down the baggie Karin He

00:40:24
cleaned the dust from his face
then he touched the bell. Sounded

00:40:30
far away. As if it were ringing deep
underground the woman who owned the

00:40:37
house came to the door the young man looked
at. He thought that she was like some

00:40:43
fat colorless legless thing
that had come up from

00:40:47
a hole in the ground hungrily hoping
for something or someone to each

00:40:54
Yeah I asked if there was

00:40:55
a room that you could have for the night
come in said the woman her voice was

00:41:02
soft but some reason he did not like it
I have the back room on the 3rd floor

00:41:09
you wish to look at it the young
man followed her up there was

00:41:14
a little light in the home he could not
see where that light was coming from the

00:41:20
covering on the floor was old and ragged
there were places in the walls made

00:41:26
perhaps to hold flowering plants if this
were true the plants had died long before

00:41:32
this evening the air was bad no flowers
could have lived in it for long

00:41:40
this is a room said the
lady in her soft voice it's

00:41:45
a nice room someone is usually living in
it I had some very nice people in it last

00:41:50
summer I had no trouble with them they paid
on time the water is at the end of the

00:41:56
hall spouse and money had the room for 3
months you know them see the people the

00:42:02
gas is here you see there's plenty
of space to hang your clothes it's

00:42:07
a room everyone likes if you don't take
it someone else will take it so. Do you

00:42:13
have many theater people living here as the
young man they come in they go many of

00:42:19
my people work in the theater yes this is
the part of the city where people live

00:42:25
and never stay long any place I live in all
the houses near here they come and they

00:42:31
go the young man paid for the room for

00:42:34
a week he was going to stay there he said
and rest he counted out the money the

00:42:41
room was already she said he would find
everything that he needed as she moved

00:42:48
away he asked his question
it asked it already

00:42:52
a 1000 times it was always there
waiting to be asked again

00:42:59
a young girl Eloise bashed you
remember. Has she ever been in this

00:43:05
house she would be singin
in the sea in a probably

00:43:10
a girl of. Thin with red gold
hair and small dark spot on

00:43:16
a phase near her left eye I know I don't
remember the name of the people change

00:43:22
names as often as they change their
rooms they come and they go now I don't

00:43:27
remember that when you know all
always know he had asked his

00:43:33
question for 5 months and
the answer was Oh. No

00:43:41
Every day he questioned men who knew theater
people had she gone to them to ask for

00:43:46
work every evening he went to the
theaters he went to the good and to bad

00:43:52
ones some were so bad that he was afraid
to find her there yet he went to them

00:43:59
hoping he who had loved her best
had tried to find her she had

00:44:05
suddenly gone from her home he was
sure that this great city this island

00:44:12
helped her. But everything in the
city was moving rest. What was on

00:44:19
top today was lost at the bottom
tomorrow the furnished room received the

00:44:26
young man with

00:44:26
a certain warmth on it seemed to receive
him warmly it seemed to promise that here

00:44:33
he could rest there was

00:44:35
a bed and there were 2 chairs with ragged
covers between the 2 windows there was

00:44:41
a looking glass about 12 inches wide
there were pictures on the war.

00:44:49
The young man sat down in

00:44:50
a chair while the room tried to tell him
its history the words it used were strange

00:44:57
not easy to understand as if they were
words of many distant foreign countries

00:45:04
there was

00:45:05
a floor covering of many colors like an
island of flowers in the middle of the room

00:45:11
dust lay all around it there was a
bright wallpaper on the war it was

00:45:17
a fireplace on the wall above it some
bright pieces of cloth were hanging perhaps

00:45:23
they had been put there to add beauty to
the room this they did not do and the

00:45:29
pictures on the walls were
pictures the young man had seen

00:45:32
a 100 times before in other furnished
room. Here and there around the room was

00:45:39
small objects forgotten by others who had
used the room there were pictures of

00:45:45
syrup people something to hold flowers
but nothing valuable one by one

00:45:52
the little signs grew clear they showed
the young man the others who had lived

00:45:57
there before him in front of
the looking glass there was

00:46:01
a sin spot on the floor covering it told
him that women had been in the room small

00:46:07
finger marks on the wall told of children
trying to Few their way to sun and air

00:46:13
a largest part on the wall me to think of
someone in anger throwing something there

00:46:18
. Across the Looking Glass some
person had written the name

00:46:25
Marie it seemed to him that those who had
lived in the furnished room had been

00:46:31
angry with it and had done all they could
to hurt it perhaps their anger had been

00:46:37
caused by the room's brightness and its
coldness for there was no true warmth in

00:46:44
the room. There were cuts and holes in
the chairs and in the wards the bed was

00:46:50
half broken the floor cried out as if in
pain when it was walked on people for

00:46:57
a time had called this room home
and yet they had heard it this was

00:47:03
a fact not easy to believe but
perhaps it was. Strangely

00:47:08
a deep love of home that was the cause the
people who had lived in the room perhaps

00:47:15
never knew what

00:47:16
a real home was but they knew that
this room was not home therefore

00:47:23
their deep anger rose up and made them
strike out the young man in the chair

00:47:29
allowed these thoughts to move one by
one softly through his mind at the same

00:47:36
time sounds and smells from other
furnished rooms came into his room. And

00:47:43
someone having laughing in

00:47:45
a manner that was neither happy nor
pleasant from other rooms he heard

00:47:49
a woman talking too loudly he heard people
playing games for money and he heard

00:47:55
a woman singing to

00:47:57
a baby and he heard someone
weeping above him there was music

00:48:04
doors open closed the trains
outside rushed noisily past

00:48:11
some animal cried out in the night outside
and the young man felt the press of the

00:48:18
house it had

00:48:19
a smell that was more than
bad. It seemed cold sick.

00:48:27
And. Then suddenly as he rested
there the room was filled

00:48:34
with the strong sweet smell of

00:48:36
a flower small and white name in
you know it the smell came so

00:48:43
surely And so strongly
that it almost seemed like

00:48:47
a living person entering the room and the
man cried out aloud what d'ya as if he

00:48:53
had been caught he jumped up and turned
around the witch smell was near an all

00:48:59
around him he opened his arms for it for

00:49:03
a moment he did not know where he was
or what he was doing how could anyone

00:49:10
be called by a smell surely it
must have been a sound but could

00:49:14
a sound have touched him she has been in
this room he cried and he began to seek

00:49:21
some sign of her he knew that if he found
any small thing that had belonged to her

00:49:26
he would know that it was if she had only
touched it he would know it this smell of

00:49:32
flowers that was all around him she had
loved it and she had made it her own where

00:49:39
did it come from the room had been carelessly
claimed he found many small things

00:49:45
that women had left something to hold their
hair in place something to wear in the

00:49:50
hair to make it more beautiful a piece
of cloth that smelled of another flower

00:49:55
a book nothing had been hers and
it began to walk around the room

00:50:02
like a dog hunting

00:50:03
a wild animal he looked in corners he got
down on his hands and knees to look at

00:50:08
the floor he wanted something that he could
see he could not realize that she was

00:50:15
there beside

00:50:16
a round against within above him
near to him calling him. Then

00:50:24
once again he felt because once again he
answered loudly Yes dear and turned wild

00:50:30
eyed to look at nothing for he could
not yet see the form and color and

00:50:37
love and reaching all that were there
in the smell. Of white flowers.

00:50:45
God where did the smell of flowers
come from since when has a smell had

00:50:51
a more use to call or so he wondered
and went on seeking he found many

00:50:58
small things left by many who would use the
room but of her who may have been there

00:51:03
whose spirit seemed to be there
he found no sign and then

00:51:10
he sort of the owner he ran from the room
with its smell of flowers going down into

00:51:16
a doorway he could see

00:51:17
a light she came out he tried
to speak quietly We tell

00:51:24
me he asked her who was in my room before
I came here yes or I can tell you again

00:51:30
it was spouse and moony as I said it was
really Mr and Mrs Noni but she used her

00:51:36
own name you see the people do that tell
me about Mrs Mooney what does she look

00:51:42
black black haired short
and fat they left here

00:51:47
a week ago and before
they were here there was

00:51:50
a gentleman not in the seat of business
he didn't pay before him was Mrs Crowder

00:51:56
and had 2 children they stayed 4 months
and for them was old Mr Doyle his sons

00:52:03
paid for him he had the
room 6 months that is

00:52:07
a year and further I do not remember he
sang to her and went slowly back to his

00:52:14
room the room was dead the smell
of flowers had made it alive

00:52:21
but the smell of flowers was gone
in its place was the smell of the.

00:52:29
His hope was gone he sat looking at the
yellow gaslight soon he walked to the

00:52:36
bed and took the covers he began to tear
them into pieces he pushed the pieces and

00:52:42
every open space around the windows and
door nowhere now would be able to enter the

00:52:48
room when all was as he wished it
he put out the burning gas light

00:52:55
then in the dark he started the gas
again and he lay down thankfully

00:53:02
on the bed it was Mrs McCool's night
to go out and get them something

00:53:09
cold to drink so she went and came back
and sat with Mrs Purdy in one of those

00:53:16
rooms underground where the women who own
these old houses meet and talk I have

00:53:21
a young man in my said Flora back room
this evening said Mrs Purdy taking

00:53:26
a drink it went up to bed 2 hours ago
is that true Mrs Paddy said Mrs McCool

00:53:33
it was easy to see that
she thought this was

00:53:35
a fine and surprising thing you
always find someone to take

00:53:39
a room like that I don't know how
you do it did you tell him about it

00:53:46
rooms said Mrs Purdy in her soft voice I
find it to be used by those that need them

00:53:53
I did not tell him Mrs McCool. You're right
Mrs Purdy it's the money we get for the

00:54:00
rooms that keep us alive you
have the real feeling of

00:54:03
a business there are many
people who wouldn't take

00:54:06
a room like that have they knew if you
told them that someone had died in the bed

00:54:11
and died by their own hand they wouldn't
enter the room as you say we have our live

00:54:18
in the sink said Mrs Purdy Yes it is true
only one week ago I helped you there in

00:54:25
the 3rd floor back room she was

00:54:27
a pretty little girl and to kill
herself with the gas she had

00:54:33
a sweet little face Mrs parity. She would
have been called beautiful as you say

00:54:39
said Mrs Purdy except for that dark spot
she had growing by her left eye. To

00:54:45
fill up your glass again Mrs McCool.
And that is our show Join us again

00:54:52
tomorrow for another learning English
program on The Voice of America and Katie

00:54:59
we for.

00:55:11
This is v.o.a.

00:55:12
News I'm David Bird in Washington police
clashed with protesters again in France on

00:55:18
Saturday as tens of thousands of yellow
vest demonstrators took to the streets for

00:55:22
the 4th consecutive weekend as Lisa Bryant
reports from Paris French authorities

00:55:28
deployed nearly $90000.00 police across
the country demonstrators sporting

00:55:32
fluorescent yellow jackets were out in force
again in Paris and across the country

00:55:37
protesting against

00:55:38
a range of grievances including low wages
and high taxes around the iconic Chelsea

00:55:44
b.c.

00:55:44
Demonstrators clashed with police set fire
to barricades and attack stores armored

00:55:49
vehicles rumble through the
streets many criticize

00:55:52
a raft of tough reforms the government
says are needed to make France more

00:55:56
competitive they claim the president only
cares about the rich not the poor the

00:56:01
yellow vest protests begin against

00:56:03
a planned fuel tax hike aid to fight climate
change but while the government hasn't

00:56:08
scrapped the increase the
demonstrations continue by

00:56:11
a movement with no clear leadership or
demands from Paris and Lisa Bryant for

00:56:15
v.o.a.

00:56:16
Here in Washington President Donald Trump
continued to announce changes to his

00:56:21
staff on Saturday with the departure of
White House chief of staff John Kelly and

00:56:25
a new chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Kelly has been credited with imposing

00:56:30
order on

00:56:31
a chaotic West Wing after his arrival in
June 2017 from his former post as homeland

00:56:37
security secretary the president also
confirmed that Army General Mark Milley is

00:56:43
his choice to replace Marine General
Joseph Dunford as his next top military

00:56:48
adviser Millie who commanded
troops during multiple tours.

plus-circle Add Review

comment

Reviews