Closed captions transcript:

00:00:00
Made an unannounced visit to
Afghanistan to talk about the new u.s.

00:00:04
Strategy for South Asia with the
country's leaders Tillerson is on

00:00:08
a Middle East and South Asia tour he met
Monday with President Ostroff Gunny the

00:00:13
chief executive. And Afghans national
security advisor honey Maher during his brief

00:00:19
stay the talks were held at bug room air
base outside of Kabul and Tillerson made

00:00:25
a previously unannounced
visit to Iraq hours after

00:00:29
a similar visit to Afghanistan in Baghdad
Tillerson was to meet Monday with Iraqi

00:00:34
Prime Minister Haider

00:00:36
a buddy he said Iranian backed militias
and their Iranian advisors should leave

00:00:41
Iraq he was looking for ways to improve
relations earlier in his trip between Saudi

00:00:47
Arabia and Iraq as

00:00:49
a way to counter Iran's growing military
assertiveness in the region President

00:00:54
Trump will use his upcoming visit to Asia
to consolidate international pressure on

00:00:59
North Korea to attempt to deter
its pursuit of perfecting

00:01:03
a nuclear tipped intercontinental
ballistic missile on Monday

00:01:07
a senior White House official defended the
administration's more assertive stance

00:01:12
toward North Korea the official said if we
fail to confront and reverse the threat

00:01:18
we're going to be living in

00:01:19
a much darker era the official told White
House reporters the president's rhetoric

00:01:24
and more importantly his actions have
led to the most substantial shift and

00:01:30
progress by the international community in
confronting this threat than we've seen

00:01:35
over the past several
administrations this is v.o.a.

00:01:40
New. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo
said Monday he will use quote

00:01:47
decisive and strong diplomacy as he deals
with North Korea and its nuclear missile

00:01:52
programs he said he will talk about North
Korea with President Trump when Trump

00:01:57
visits Japan next month. Philippine defense
minister Delfin Lawrence said Monday

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a 5 month battle against militants in the
southern city of morrow we is over to the

00:02:08
armed forces and the police it awaits
government and the support of the Filipino

00:02:13
people have nipped the budding infrastructure
undefeated killers in the Philippines

00:02:18
in crossing thus far the most serious
attempt to export violent extremism on the

00:02:23
article is in the Philippines and in the
region we have contributed to preventing

00:02:28
it is spread in Asia and. To maintaining
global peace stability and security they

00:02:35
declaration came nearly

00:02:36
a week after the country's armed forces
killed 2 militant leaders including one who

00:02:40
had sworn allegiance to the leader of the
Islamic state group they heads of the

00:02:44
leading name United Nations
aid agencies have begun

00:02:48
a special one day pledging conference to
raise more than $400000000.00 to provide

00:02:53
lifesaving assistance for $1200000.00 people
including all road enjoy refugees and

00:02:59
their host communities in Bangladesh
correspondent Lisa reports for v.o.a.

00:03:05
From a conference site in Geneva before
the pledging conference got on the way

00:03:09
a spokesman for the un Refugee Agency told
media the number of Rohingya refugees

00:03:14
who have fled violence in me on Maher over
the past 2 months has now topped 600000

00:03:20
making this the world's fastest growing
refugee crisis aid agencies agree the

00:03:25
crisis is also drawing one of the most
severely underfunded responses in the world

00:03:31
reacting to the growing intensifying needs
of this burgeoning refugee population

00:03:36
Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian
Affairs Mark Lowcock says the focus of the

00:03:42
event is to mobilize resources to save lives
and protect people. Correspondent Lisa

00:03:50
reporting from Geneva u.s.

00:03:52
Attorney General Jeff Sessions on Monday
formally designated the El Salvador based

00:03:56
street gang known as m
s 13 as a priority for

00:04:00
a Department of Justice program that combats
drug trafficking and money laundering

00:04:05
the designation will allow the organized
crime drug enforcement task forces to

00:04:10
target m s 13 with an array of laws from
an anti organized crime law known as Rico

00:04:16
to tax and firearms laws there is more
on these and other late breaking and

00:04:22
developing stories from around the
world around the clock at v.o.a.

00:04:26
News dot com and almost v.o.a.

00:04:29
News mobile app I'm Jonathan Smith reporting
from the world headquarters of the

00:04:34
Voice of America in Washington
that's the latest world news from b

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o j. It

00:04:51
is Monday October 23rd and this is via
ways international edition I'm Sarah

00:04:57
Williams in Washington coming up u.s.

00:04:59
Secretary of state Rex Tillerson makes
an unannounced visit to Afghanistan

00:05:05
residents of Catalonia have mixed views
about independence from Spain. Were not for

00:05:11
independence or we were very confused about
it Well look I didn't like the truth

00:05:16
didn't we could have

00:05:17
a little bit more color be with not only
independence and high school students

00:05:22
experience what it's like to have

00:05:23
a professional job it's
all ahead at. The. U.s.

00:05:33
Secretary of state Rex Tillerson made an
unannounced visit to Afghanistan Monday to

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discuss the new u.s.

00:05:39
Strategy for South Asia with the country's
leaders to listen at Monday with Afghan

00:05:44
officials including President Afghan Ghani
the talks were held at Bob Graham air

00:05:50
base outside of Kabul I spoke with v.o.a.

00:05:53
Correspondent hey you should Tanzim who's
in the Afghan capital about Tillerson

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visit. What we know is that Secretary
Taylor's been was here to discuss the new

00:06:05
u.s. Strategy for thout they shared
that was announced by President Tom

00:06:09
a little while ago Secretary Carlos since
1st visit to Kabul involved his meeting

00:06:14
with not just shotgunning
but also its c.e.o.

00:06:17
a Beloved below the national security advisor
honey Maher and what we know from the

00:06:23
statement issued by the u.s.

00:06:25
Embassy in Kabul is that the secretary
told the Afghan government that America is

00:06:31
committed not just to work with the Gone
is done but also to work with other

00:06:35
countries in the region to make sure that
the peace and security in Afghanistan and

00:06:40
also to make sure that the terrorists who
are standing in the way of that goal I've

00:06:45
been I say Pavan Now when
you're talking about

00:06:49
a pavement and terrorism in this region
we have to remember that both the gone is

00:06:53
gone and the u.s.

00:06:54
Up along the ledge that they bring papa's
on is providing safe haven to that they

00:07:00
could and they do have got the netbook
in the Gonzales gone now the Pakistani

00:07:04
government all of those denies those charges
and claims that it has. Whatever they

00:07:10
Pavan on its head or create through

00:07:12
a military operation over the last 2 years
but over recently we saw this charge

00:07:18
emerge again more strongly
the fall last week

00:07:21
a couple an American woman
with that they may be and

00:07:24
a husband were rescued in the region from
the Pakistani side of the border after

00:07:29
a tip by the u.s.

00:07:30
Intelligence lead saw a CIA director Mike
public a well gave a statement saying to

00:07:36
a Washington think tank saying the couple
had been kept in Congress on for all of

00:07:40
the 5 years if it's kept their city will
stay kind of contradict what came from

00:07:45
Pakistani officials which was that the
cup was moved from have gone and gone to

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pockets on the release. So the
2nd the killers. Here he's

00:07:57
expected to have left the city. Very
quick security we didn't know he was

00:08:04
here but we could sit back
something was going on there's

00:08:07
a large number of helicopters in the air
but do you know that then you know that

00:08:13
then 6 preaching that it's going to gone
it's gone last month there was an attack

00:08:17
on Kabul airport obviously during the last
one week it's been several attacks in

00:08:23
Kabul itself so security was probably
high on the minds of all u.s.

00:08:29
Officials and people who are trying to
protect the telephone which is why the visit

00:08:35
was kept so confidential that I don't even
think the State Department press corps

00:08:40
knew the exact date and time of friend
he was going to travel here when the

00:08:44
secretary chiller said I believe is
staying and he's left Afghanistan but is

00:08:48
staying in South Asia is he going on is
he will he be stopping in Pakistan yes I

00:08:53
think so McConnell's gone and he will go
to Pakistan tomorrow and then on to India

00:08:58
6 either tomorrow evening or early Wednesday
morning I don't think you'll spend the

00:09:02
night about the fun again do you consider
it be concerned so he will probably want

00:09:07
to India tomorrow evening in talk of Saigon
there have been reports from Washington

00:09:12
indicating that a he's coming with

00:09:15
a cause that says if we see
this great safe haven and

00:09:22
today the statement coming out of the u.s.

00:09:24
Embassy saying that the 2nd Korea
has clarified that the u.s.

00:09:28
Wants to work with partners in the region
to deny state payments to terrorists that

00:09:33
they want to that they that's it's

00:09:36
a fight breaking to caucus on on the pocket
funny side one of their top priorities

00:09:42
one of the messages that they might want
to give to us is that they have very

00:09:46
uncomfortable with the alleged It's what
the state did element of the new u.s.

00:09:53
Policy which is an enhanced role for India
and Afghanistan bucko Sunday is always

00:09:58
the uncomfortable.

00:10:10
Right to be to try him as.
The only correspondent I had

00:10:17
Tenzin in Kabul joining me here in the
studio is social media editor Andrew Lander

00:10:22
what's happening Well Sarah the
controversy over the 4 u.s.

00:10:25
Soldiers killed earlier this month in the
air continues today my Should Johnson the

00:10:31
widow of Sergeant like David Johnson who
was one of those 4 soldiers said that

00:10:35
President couldn't remember her husband's
name on the phone call that he had with

00:10:39
her to offer his condolences Now this
reinforces Congresswoman Frederica Wilson

00:10:43
account of troops phone call with
Mrs Johnson something that's been

00:10:46
a point of controversy over the past week
supporters say enough of this you're

00:10:51
politicizing the widow of

00:10:53
a fallen soldier that we should be supporting
her not focused on the politics of

00:10:57
this Others say it's an issue of

00:10:58
a president and his chief of staff because
you have staff John Kelly came out and

00:11:03
talked about this in the briefing they
said it's an issue of them lying and

00:11:06
attacking

00:11:06
a congresswoman and still that question
persists why were those soldiers in the

00:11:11
share there hasn't been
an answer to that yet but

00:11:13
a lot of people do want that question
answered and amid the controversy with the

00:11:17
current president we have the former 5
living presidents gathered in Texas of

00:11:22
course presidents Jimmy Carter
George Bush Bill Clinton George w.

00:11:25
Bush and Barack Obama for hurricane
relief fundraiser video going viral of

00:11:30
President George w. Bush
and Barack Obama sharing

00:11:33
a joke as President Bill Clinton spoke

00:11:36
a lot of people saying presidents
are just like us they like to crack

00:11:38
a joke every now and then. Thanks very much
Andrew the social media editor Andrew.

00:11:52
Here's some of the top news stories trending
and Indonesian general chooses not to

00:11:57
travel to the United States

00:11:59
a United Nations pledging conference seeks
$434000000.00 for hangar refugee aid

00:12:06
the White House says President Trump's Asia
trip is intended to keep the world from

00:12:11
plunging into a much darker
era and India appoints

00:12:15
a new envoy to Kashmir expanded coverage
of these stories and more on the v.o.a.

00:12:20
News dot com website this is the l.a.

00:12:23
.

00:12:32
This is science in

00:12:34
a minute. Scientists theorize that soon
after the Big Bang the universe became

00:12:40
a very dark place because of all the
think gas generated by this kickstarting

00:12:45
process the gas was said to be so abundant
that any existing light had become

00:12:50
trapped the universe
began to light up a bomb

00:12:52
a 1000000000 years later as it expanded
became more transparent and filled with

00:12:57
celestial objects like galaxies planets and
stars scientists have been puzzled over

00:13:02
just how the universe was able to pull
itself out of these cosmic dark ages but

00:13:07
scientists at the University
of Iowa have presented

00:13:10
a new theory on how what happened they
found evidence that the huge black holes

00:13:15
found in the center of galaxies began to
throw up matter so viciously that the

00:13:20
outpouring of material was able to push
through the surrounding gas finally

00:13:24
allowing the light to escape
I'm feeling strict bantling.

00:13:39
This is international edition on The Voice
of America I'm Sarah Williams coming up

00:13:45
we look at

00:13:45
a high school program for students who want
to experience the work of professionals

00:13:50
. Today was supposed to be the start of
hearing testimony for the sentencing of

00:13:56
u.s.

00:13:57
Army Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl who could face
life in prison after pleading guilty to

00:14:02
charges that he endangered come raised by
walking off his post in Afghanistan in

00:14:07
2009 but instead the defense had

00:14:10
a last minute request they
asked the judge to renew

00:14:12
a motion to dismiss charges based on new
comments made by President Trump the

00:14:18
Pentagon Correspondent Carla bad is that
Fort Bragg North Carolina covering the

00:14:23
trial Carla what did the president say
and how does that affect the trial. Well

00:14:29
Donald Trump whose role as president includes
the job of commander in chief he was

00:14:34
responding to reporters' questions last
week and he stated that he could not say

00:14:40
more on the case then he added But I think
people have heard my comments in the

00:14:44
past now as a candidate for
President Trump called Bergdahl

00:14:48
a traitor who deserve to be executed he
had also promised that as president he

00:14:53
would review its case of the soldier did
not receive further punishment from the

00:14:57
court and so the defense argued today that
from comments were what did we really

00:15:03
known as

00:15:04
a lawful command that would prevent Bergdahl
from getting and they are sentence the

00:15:09
judge now Army Colonel Jeffrey heard those
arguments and said that he did not have

00:15:15
any doubt whatsoever that he could be
fair and impartial However he pointed out

00:15:21
that in spite of prompt and Mischel
acknowledgement in the Rose Garden that he

00:15:25
shouldn't comment on the hearing the
president went on and said something knowing

00:15:30
that the sentencing was still pending now
trumps comments on the campaign had been

00:15:36
brought up at the trial previously and
the serving but not unlawful command

00:15:41
influence because they were considered
what he called political rhetoric meant to

00:15:45
embarrass his political opponent but today
he said that the reasoning for that.

00:15:51
That tends to be eroded now that the
president of the United States is arguably

00:15:55
adopting those statements in fact he said
what little opponent is the president

00:16:00
trying to embarrass when making statements
in the Rose Garden Well when was the

00:16:05
trial resume and what you expect to hear
from them. The trial is going to Wednesday

00:16:11
morning and the judge is expected to rule
on that motion when the court martial

00:16:16
comes back last week Bergdahl pleaded guilty
at the hearing to charges of desertion

00:16:21
and his behavior before the enemy that
latter misbehavior before the enemy that

00:16:26
carries

00:16:26
a maximum sentence of life in prison if
the judge doesn't dismiss the case on

00:16:31
Wednesday the hearing will include testimony
from soldiers injured in the dangerous

00:16:35
search for Bergdahl after he left his
post and was captured by the Taliban the

00:16:40
judge is expected to waive those testimonies
along with other factors including

00:16:44
Bergdahl the willingness to admit guilt
and his 5 years that he spent in Taliban

00:16:50
captivity All right thanks very much Carla
That's Carla Babb reporting from Fort

00:16:54
Bragg North Carolina separatists in
Spain's Catalonia region are working on

00:16:59
nonviolent plans to resist the imposition
of direct rule by Madrid the Spanish

00:17:04
government is expected to seek parliamentary
approval to curb Catalonia semi

00:17:09
autonomy I spoke with the always Jamie
Dettmer who's in the Catalan capital

00:17:14
Barcelona about the efforts of the separatists
those people that very keen to keep

00:17:19
the ball and float away from this. And
then they say this will develop into Bond

00:17:25
certainly from that. It is going to be
passive resistance that trying to work out

00:17:30
exactly where the national police will be
sent by and betrayed it as is likely on

00:17:35
Friday the Senate agrees the plan to impose
direct will and the obvious hotspots

00:17:41
are going to be the parliament the
central government building the t.v.

00:17:46
Station

00:17:46
a public pool cost here it's well and
probably the Treasury and the plan is really

00:17:52
to meet with wool the people who will try
to block and obstruct the pleas from

00:17:58
entering into these buildings trying
to close them down or trying to arrest

00:18:02
separatist leaders what they're saying is
that they will not be in any way by the

00:18:07
so. Let their bodies go ahead the if they're
lying on the ground do their best to

00:18:12
sabotage any efforts to disrupt ministration
presidential government in Madrid

00:18:18
indicated how they would go about
this the director role they have

00:18:23
a little bit or some officials have been
speaking to journalists including myself

00:18:27
they're saying again

00:18:28
a light approach they believe they can
bring this region to heel merely by law to

00:18:35
go ahead if you was removing from office
the top officials like the regional

00:18:40
president Khalid could 2 months deputy and

00:18:43
a few others and then they're banking on
the rest of the capital only and all their

00:18:49
workers which are about $200000.00 just.
Being any rule that they're called to

00:18:55
follow they basically are saying look we
want the administration the government

00:19:01
needs to carry on doing their normal day
to day stuff providing the services for

00:19:06
their citizens and as long as they stay
away from the project of independence then

00:19:12
they can stay in their jobs now one of the
big things at the weekend this coming

00:19:16
weekend when I think the big confrontation
will start is how many of those

00:19:21
employees will be required to work
on that basis. The firefight.

00:19:28
Put out

00:19:29
a tweet saying that they will not obey Madrid
so we're looking toward other organizations

00:19:35
as well to see how they will act this
coming weekend in your conversations with

00:19:41
people in

00:19:41
a Barcelona What do you cation do you have
of their feelings about this this issue

00:19:48
makes

00:19:49
a hard call probably about 40 or 40
percent who favor in the pen there are

00:19:56
a lot of people who do not bring that but
it's probably the majority although my

00:20:00
suspicion is that as Madrid gets harder
line they're pushing more people in the

00:20:06
middle to be

00:20:07
a little bit more. Probably independent
or not truly independent at least during

00:20:12
the actual Madrid but I have

00:20:14
a lot of conversation walking around the
last 2 or 3 days with people and I'm

00:20:18
afraid for them we're not all independent
or we were very confused about it we say

00:20:23
well look I didn't like the
trade maybe we could have

00:20:26
a little bit more quality but not fully
independent. Jamie Dettmer reporting from

00:20:31
Barcelona this is Faile way. Breaks.

00:20:42
As it happens. Monday
through Friday at 600.

00:20:58
You're

00:20:58
a trusted source of
information. This is Larry.

00:21:06
Border. With your favorite artists from

00:21:13
all around the world and you cannot listen
but you can interact live with us here

00:21:18
in Washington d.c.

00:21:19
. Water crossings come.

00:21:26
At. V.o.a.

00:21:31
. International

00:21:38
Edition when kids go back to school they
usually talk about what they did during

00:21:42
their summer vacation with

00:21:44
a 16 year olds who joined summer rise in
Montgomery County Maryland. About work

00:21:51
and fire departments nonprofits private
businesses and many other workplaces faith

00:21:56
Lapidus as the story today we
are going to be running d.n.a.

00:22:01
On

00:22:01
a Jal Alina. Ready to start today's assignment
for her summer rise internship. Camp

00:22:08
on camera college All right I think that
would be good so the hunter and struction

00:22:13
lab coordinator Jennifer sang Bush works
closely with her and your last play in the

00:22:18
control shoes no d.n.a.

00:22:21
Alina says she's enjoyed the
program and gotten a lot out of it

00:22:25
a lot of material and machine out
there that he used here is not

00:22:30
a given I must high schools which was
really important for me to learn how to use

00:22:35
these things and I got to learn a lot
I the same time I was able to have

00:22:39
a lot of fun and the
internship wasn't all inside

00:22:42
a lab I had taken our downstairs to
work with the snakes and we have

00:22:48
a resident tortoise so she got some animal
husbandry experience as well Alina is

00:22:54
one of more than 400 students
from every one among Gummer

00:22:57
a county is 25 high schools who took part
in the rise program in its 1st year rise

00:23:03
stands for real interesting summer
experience Singler says the program gave her

00:23:09
a chance to work with high school students
who may soon be applying to attend

00:23:13
mongery college she found them curious and
eager to learn Alina says she learned

00:23:18
more than just lab procedures this
experience helped me think about what my

00:23:25
future options were for after I graduate
and introducing high schoolers early on to

00:23:31
different career opportunities is one of
the goals of the program says its founder

00:23:36
local activist will John Doe we said
there's $30000.00 middle skill level level

00:23:41
jobs here in McGovern County that are not
filled So how do we also expose them to

00:23:45
that there's jobs here in the
county that they could be doing in

00:23:48
a year or 2 that pay well in our own career
track and so it was also an economic

00:23:53
development tool so that not only

00:23:55
a benefit to the students but hopefully
even if it's the county in the region if

00:23:58
they stay here they become
productive citizens and there's

00:24:01
a tax base so hopefully to boost
the local economy as well rise is

00:24:06
a public private partnership. More than
$140.00 businesses government agencies and

00:24:11
nonprofits stepped up and offered to host
the students for the paid internships it

00:24:17
also received partial funding from the
county council councilman Craig Rice helped

00:24:22
secure the money all the time in government
there are always so many needs and so

00:24:26
many things that are important whether
it's our roads or our infrastructure you

00:24:31
know all the different types of programs
that we provide as government but it

00:24:35
really is important to make sure that we're
providing for our future generation it

00:24:40
was

00:24:40
a fight as it always is during budget time
but it's really something where I think

00:24:44
that if we're going to be serious about
being globally competitive if we're going

00:24:48
to be serious about providing

00:24:50
a number of different options for our
children we've got to make sure that we put

00:24:53
our money where our mouth is summarized
participants and organizers hope the

00:24:57
program will expand next year and inspire
surrounding counties to offer similar

00:25:03
real interesting summer experiences for
writer Pfizer mastery I'm Faith Lapidus

00:25:08
v.o.a.

00:25:09
News. Thank you Faith that is our show for
today please visit our website at the

00:25:14
away News dot com I'm Sarah Williams
thanks so much for joining us.

00:26:11
Next an editorial reflecting the views of
the United States government the United

00:26:16
States has announced it will withdraw from
UNESCO at the end of 2018 UNESCO is the

00:26:22
Paris based u.n.

00:26:23
Body whose mission is to coordinate
international cooperation in education science

00:26:29
culture and communication

00:26:31
a well known part of its job is to help
protect the world's important cultural and

00:26:36
natural heritage sites to the World Heritage
Program State Department spokesperson

00:26:41
Heather Nauert said the decision
to withdraw from UNESCO came after

00:26:46
a long and deliberative process
the decision was based on

00:26:50
a number of concerns the United States
is in arrears to UNESCO in the amount of

00:26:55
almost $550000000.00 that's because under
federal legislation passed in the 1990

00:27:02
s. The United States is required
to stop sending funds to any u.n.

00:27:07
Agency that grants
Palestinians recog. Mission as

00:27:10
a full member state the fact is such

00:27:13
a move disregards the necessity for
negotiations between the Palestinians and the

00:27:18
Israelis that will result in
a Palestinian state making

00:27:22
a real difference in the lives of both
peoples in 2011 units go made such

00:27:28
a move and the United States is legally
required to cut off its funding to the

00:27:32
organization. A 2nd concern
governing the u.s.

00:27:36
Decision to withdraw is the increasing
politicization including anti israel bias at

00:27:43
UNESCO in July for example as the u.s.

00:27:46
Mission to the United Nations noted you
know asco made its latest politically

00:27:50
biased decision designating the old city
of Hebron and the Tomb of the patriarchs

00:27:56
as part of Palestinian territory such
an action is an outrageous attempt to

00:28:01
separate Israel and the Jews from their
history of thousands of years finally

00:28:06
spokesperson NAUERT cited the need for
fundamental reform at UNESCO as President

00:28:11
Donald Trump has called for across the
United Nations She added however that the

00:28:16
United States wants to remain in Gage
with UNESCO and will seek to become

00:28:21
a nonmember observer state
in order to contribute u.s.

00:28:24
Views perspectives and expertise on some
of the important issues undertaken by the

00:28:29
organization the decision to
withdraw will also not alter u.s.

00:28:34
Policy supporting international cooperation
in Educational Scientific cultural

00:28:40
communication and information activities
where there are benefits to the United

00:28:44
States. Was an editorial reflecting the
views of the United States government.

00:29:49
Welcome to learning English

00:29:51
a daily 30 minute program from the Voice
of America I'm Jonathan Evans and I'm

00:29:58
Ashley Thompson and this program is
aimed at English learners so we speak

00:30:04
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning

00:30:11
English. Today on the program
you will hear stories from

00:30:18
Brian Lennon and Phil dear King later
Kelly Kelly will bring us America's

00:30:25
presidents but 1st this
was city of Geneva was

00:30:31
a good place to be for food lovers
earlier this month foodies enjoyed

00:30:38
at the tastes and smells of
food from around the world at

00:30:43
a refugee food festival
event agave refugees from 5

00:30:49
countries

00:30:51
a chance to demonstrate their cooking
skills local restaurants turned over their

00:30:57
cooking spaces to chefs from
Syria Eritrea Sri Lanka

00:31:04
Tibet and Nigeria one of the
refugees chefs was 29 year

00:31:11
old now deemed them from
Syria he says cooking is

00:31:18
a driving force in his life he told v.o.a.

00:31:23
He learned how to cook from
his uncle. He worked and his

00:31:29
family's restaurant in Damascus before
he was forced to leave Syria and 2015.

00:31:38
He said that he traveled from Syria
to Turkey and then to Greece from

00:31:44
Greece he walked all the way to
Germany and then to the Swiss border

00:31:52
his wife and 2 daughters
eventually joined him through

00:31:56
a family reunification program he hopes
his involvement with the refugee

00:32:03
food festival will lead to

00:32:05
a job Louis Martin is one of the
founders of food sweet food

00:32:12
a non-governmental organization that
started the refugee food festival and

00:32:18
2016 in partnership with the
United Nations Refugee Agency

00:32:25
Mark 10 told v.o.a.

00:32:27
The festival has 2 main goals the 1st
one was to change the way we look at

00:32:34
attrition she's by tradition their skills
and the 2nd one is to create professional

00:32:40
incinerator for their refuse she shifts
parts fitting to me I ask to every

00:32:45
restaurant to Rick and mendacious to his
network and then treat profession of

00:32:49
fortune to his friend. Martin said he
became concerned after the arrival of

00:32:55
thousands of refugees to Europe in
the summer of 2015 he said their

00:33:02
images led him and his food sweet food
partner Marine Mundra to create the

00:33:09
festival so we told you how can we leverage
food how can we leverage will what it's

00:33:14
learned where we're trying to use.
It To creature East to create

00:33:20
a better understanding between citizens
initiate Louis Martin and Martin Monday

00:33:27
brought their idea to the un Refugee
Agency in Paris Celine's Schmidt

00:33:33
works for the un High Commissioner
for Refugees. She told v.o.a.

00:33:39
She immediately liked their idea food is

00:33:44
a great way to create connections is also

00:33:47
a great way to tend to way people see
refugees because someone eats well he will

00:33:52
maybe you have another idea your
perspective afterwards but also it's

00:33:56
a way to integrate. The festival offered
food for people with different tastes

00:34:03
and from different walks of life again cut
them all Johnny's 5 course Syrian meal

00:34:10
cost about $90.00 at one
of Geneva luxury hotels

00:34:17
people with less money
to spend and enjoyed

00:34:20
a tasty Nigerian or Ethiopian
food at 2 other restaurants each

00:34:27
of those meals cost about $20.00
Schmidt said one great part of the

00:34:34
festival was the teamwork between the
restaurant's usual chef and the refugee chef

00:34:41
the chefs who have invited It's terrific
to chefs they have told us that they want

00:34:47
to talk again and that they learned something
and they were so happy to be able to

00:34:53
learn from another chef because food
has always been inspired by to friends

00:34:57
cultures and and different spices tastes.

00:35:24
United States officials now have
permission to collect usernames

00:35:31
and other social media information
from all immigrants seeking to enter

00:35:38
the country. The new rule
went into effect Oct 18th

00:35:45
as an amendment to the us
Privacy Act the privacy act as

00:35:52
stablish is policies for how the
government can collect and use information

00:35:59
about individuals the measure
was in acted in 1974

00:36:07
after Richard m.

00:36:08
Nixon resigned from the presidency
the new amendment gives the

00:36:15
Department of Homeland Security permission
to collect Social media handles

00:36:22
aliases associated identifiable
information and search results

00:36:31
the rule affects both permanent u.s.

00:36:33
Residents and naturalized citizens
the collected information

00:36:40
becomes part of the person's
immigration records the amendment

00:36:46
also gives the government rights to
monitor information on relatives of

00:36:53
immigrants and doctors who treat
immigrants it also includes

00:37:00
monitoring of law enforcement officials
involved in investigations of immigrants

00:37:08
and lawyers and others who
help immigrants the amendment

00:37:14
says the information can be gathered
from the Internet public records

00:37:21
public institutions interviewees
or commercial data providers

00:37:29
the Department of Homeland Security or d

00:37:33
h s has yet to announce specific
collection or processing

00:37:40
methods for personal information
from social media. Joanne

00:37:47
Talbot is a spokes person for d.h.

00:37:50
Yes In

00:37:52
a statement to media last month she
said the amendment does not represent

00:37:59
a new policy she said the
agency has already been able to

00:38:06
monitor publicly available social
media to protect the homeland

00:38:13
many privacy groups have criticized the
collection of user names and other social

00:38:20
media information by u.s.

00:38:23
Border agents they say such
questioning fails to follow

00:38:29
existing rules and violates the
privacy rights of travelers

00:38:36
Seamus Hughes is with the program
on extremism at George Washington

00:38:43
University in Washington he
says one problem is the huge

00:38:49
amount of social media data the
government will collect purely

00:38:56
from a practical standpoint
I don't see how d.h.h.s.

00:39:01
Has the resources to implement
this he said on Twitter

00:39:08
u.s. Officials have defended
information gathering as

00:39:13
a way to prevent possibly dangerous
people from entering the country

00:39:20
some experts say there is evidence the
information can be helpful to the government

00:39:27
if it is used in the right
way Major General Charles j.

00:39:33
Dunlap Jr is head of the Center on
Law Ethics and National Security

00:39:41
at Duke University in Durham
North Carolina. I can't think of

00:39:48
any situations where this monitoring and
record collection has been used in an

00:39:54
abusive way Dunlop said
however he added that the

00:40:01
program needs to be closely
monitored and any abuses quickly

00:40:07
investigated and fixed. I'm Brian lan.

00:40:37
Researchers in the United States say
they have discovered how to genetically

00:40:43
engineer corn to produce

00:40:46
a kind of amino acid
usually found in meat the

00:40:53
result is

00:40:54
a food with increased nutrition
that could feed animals and people

00:41:01
around the world the new
corn also called maize could

00:41:07
reduce the cost of animal food the
discovery was published online in the

00:41:14
Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences

00:41:18
a scientific journal in early October the
researchers say the process involves

00:41:25
putting genetic material from

00:41:27
a bacterium into corn mithai and
is very important for humans

00:41:34
and animals it is one of 9
necessary amino acids that

00:41:41
humans and animals get from food according
to the National Center for biotechnology

00:41:47
information. It supports growth
helps repair skin injuries improves

00:41:54
hair quality and strengthens fingers
and toenails It also helps protect

00:42:01
cells from pollution and slows the
aging process Thomas Lou stack

00:42:08
is

00:42:08
a professor of plant biology at Rutgers
University in New Jersey and one of the writers

00:42:15
of the study he told v.o.a.

00:42:19
We improved the nutritional value of corn
the largest commodity crop grown on earth

00:42:26
he added most corn is used for
animal feed but it lacks Mathias

00:42:33
a key amino acid and we found
an effective way to add it

00:42:40
the scientists genetically modified
corn by adding the bacterium called Eco

00:42:47
ally into the genome of the corn plant
the scientists said they directed their

00:42:54
efforts to increase the plant's production
of them ino acid in its leaves in an

00:43:00
earlier version of their experiment they
found that causing the whole plant to

00:43:06
produce Matthias had bad effects
on the plants growth according to

00:43:13
the study the amount of methane in the
corn kernels increased by about 57

00:43:19
percent Joachim messing is

00:43:23
a Rutgers professor and director of the
walks mn Institute of microbiology

00:43:31
messing said scientists fed the genetically
modified corn to chickens at Rutgers

00:43:38
University to test whether the
corn was healthy to eat the author

00:43:44
said that normally chicken food is

00:43:48
a mixture of corn and soybean soybean
contains some the thigh and in.

00:43:55
However additional amounts of the amino
acid are often added to animal food

00:44:02
Matthias is added because animals won't
grow without it in many developing

00:44:08
countries where corn is the staple.
Is also important for people

00:44:15
especially children it's
vital nutrition like

00:44:19
a vitamin messing said if the genetically
modified corn can be successfully

00:44:26
marketed and sold people who live in
developing countries wouldn't have to purchase

00:44:33
methane supplements or expensive food
that have higher Mathias to stack said

00:44:41
currently synthetic meth is added
to corn seeds every year and

00:44:47
expensive process costing several
billions of dollars said cowriter messing

00:44:54
who stick told v.o.a.

00:44:56
That he felt that farmers could save

00:44:59
a lot of money every year because
of this discovery he added that

00:45:06
in the future it may be possible to grow
corn to have higher levels of methane.

00:45:13
Without having to genetically modify
it but until then he said the

00:45:19
genetically modified version is available
currently and ready to go I'm filled

00:45:26
their king. Was.

00:45:35
V.o.a.

00:45:36
English Princess America's
presidents. Today we are talking

00:45:43
about Dwight Eisenhower he
took office in 1953 and was

00:45:49
reelected in 1956.
Eisenhower was famous before

00:45:56
he became president of
the United States he was

00:46:00
a general in World War 2 and led
the allied invasion of Europe the

00:46:07
attack began with the air and
sea operation called D.-Day

00:46:14
as President Eisenhower became known
for his efforts to keep peace he

00:46:21
tried to have good relations with the
Soviet Union especially he believed one of

00:46:27
the best ways to do that was to build
America's military strength when

00:46:34
Americans think of Eisenhower they
often note the growth of the u.s.

00:46:39
Defense industry and tensions
with the Soviet Union those

00:46:45
tensions became known as the Cold War
and lasted long after Eisenhower

00:46:52
left office.

00:47:07
Dwight David Eisenhower was born in
Texas but raised in the state of Kansas

00:47:14
his parents had 7 sons the
future president was the 3rd

00:47:22
Eisenhower's parents did not have
much money his father worked as

00:47:27
a mechanic his mother was

00:47:30
a member of the Mennonite Church which
opposed war and violence for any

00:47:36
reason but young Dwight who
used the nickname Ike enjoyed

00:47:43
reading about

00:47:44
a military history then doing physical
activities he played football and like

00:47:51
Tom ting and fishing. When he finished
high school Eisenhower earned

00:47:57
a position at the Us Military
Academy better known as West Point

00:48:04
at 1st he did not excel as

00:48:07
a soldier Eisenhower tested some
of the Army's traditional ideas

00:48:14
but in time military leaders came to
value Eisenhower's ability to think

00:48:21
independently and strategically
he accepted increasingly

00:48:28
important positions in only

00:48:31
a few years Eisenhower took command
of allied troops during World War 2

00:48:38
He directed invasions in North Africa
Italy and finally in Western Europe

00:48:45
his words Ok let's go lodged the
invasion of Normandy France

00:48:52
on June 6th 1944
Eisenhower's personal life

00:48:59
changed during his
military years he married

00:49:03
a young woman named Mamie Dowd
in 1916 the following year they

00:49:10
had

00:49:10
a son named Daoud Dwight However
the boy became sick and died

00:49:17
at the age of 3 in 1922
the Eisenhower's had

00:49:23
a 2nd son named John maney
and the boy spent many

00:49:30
months separated from delight and even
when the family was together they were

00:49:37
often moving from place to place
they moved nearly 30 times 2 during

00:49:43
Eisenhower's military career. After
he retired from active duty in the

00:49:50
army Eisenhower accepted

00:49:53
a position as president of Columbia
University in New York then he

00:49:59
returned to the military to lead
NATO forces in Europe in the early

00:50:06
1950 s.

00:50:07
Republican Party officials urged Eisenhower
to be their candidate for president

00:50:15
many Americans approved of Eisenhower's
war record his efforts to contain

00:50:21
communism and his wide smile
they seem to agree with his

00:50:28
campaign slogan I like Ike and
decisively elected him into office

00:50:36
his 1952 election brought an end
to the Democratic Party's 20 year

00:50:42
control of the White House.

00:51:10
Although he declared himself
a Republican Eisenhower was

00:51:14
a political moderate in many of his
ideas he continued some of the domestic

00:51:21
policies of former presidents
Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman

00:51:28
Eisenhower also wanted the government
to invest in public works projects

00:51:35
notably he approved

00:51:37
a bill to build more than
65000 kilometers of roads.

00:51:44
Today the u.s.

00:51:46
Highway system connects all parts of the
country and supports the nation's economy

00:51:54
Eisenhower also worked hard to have
peaceful relations with other countries

00:52:01
in his 1st months as president he signed
the agreement that ended fighting in the

00:52:07
Korean War He also tried to ease
tensions between the United States and

00:52:13
Soviet Union in 1952 the
us government tested the

00:52:20
1st hydrogen bomb it was even more
powerful than the atomic bomb

00:52:27
soon the Soviet Union carried out

00:52:31
a hydrogen bomb test of its own
the 2 countries became actively

00:52:38
involved in an arms race that made
many people around the world very

00:52:44
very nervous Eisenhower did not
fully trust the Soviet leadership

00:52:51
but made some efforts to achieve an
agreement on arms control at the same

00:52:57
time he approved a plan for u.s.

00:53:01
Airplanes to fly secretly over the
Soviet Union to gather information

00:53:08
in 1059 Eisenhower and the Soviet
leader Nikita Khrushchev met in the

00:53:15
American state of Maryland
modern presidents use

00:53:19
a mountain retreat there which I somehow
or called Camp David after his grandson

00:53:27
the us send Soviet
officials did not develop

00:53:31
a treaty but they did agree to meet
again the following year. However the

00:53:37
agreement collapsed in 1960 Soviet
missiles brought down one of the American

00:53:44
spy planes called a

00:53:46
u 2 the pilot was captured
at 1st Eisenhower's

00:53:53
government denied that the plane was secretly
gathering information officials said

00:54:00
it was only a weather aircraft but then
the Soviets produced evidence that the u.

00:54:07
2 was in fact

00:54:09
a spy plane Khrushchev said he could not
trust Eisenhower and his government

00:54:16
and he ended talks on limiting or
disarming nuclear weapons during

00:54:23
his 2 terms in office Eisenhower
tried many ways to avoid all out war

00:54:30
he approved other secret actions especially
by the Central Intelligence Agency

00:54:37
or CIA Eisenhower sent u.s.

00:54:41
Marines into Lebanon to try to end unrest
there and he decided against ordering

00:54:48
airstrikes and Vietminh forces when
they surrounded French troops at d.n.b.

00:54:54
And food be at nom in all
these efforts Eisenhower used

00:55:01
the threat of u.s.

00:55:03
Military power to help achieve his
foreign policy goals but he warned

00:55:10
Americans against letting businesses
aiding the defense industry become too

00:55:16
powerful in his final speech as
President Eisenhower spoke of the

00:55:23
dangers of what he called the
Military Industrial Complex. He did

00:55:30
not want the country to depend only
on war to resolve conflicts and

00:55:37
he did not want the us government to spend
so much on weapons that it could not

00:55:43
provide other services to Americans
shortly after that speech

00:55:50
Eisenhower retired to

00:55:52
a home he and his wife had bought in
Gettysburg Pennsylvania many Americans

00:55:59
were sad to see him go.

00:56:10
I.

00:56:25
Was and how ours presidency
lasted most of the 1950 s.

00:56:30
During that time the American economy
was for the most part strong many

00:56:37
Americans had enough money to buy homes
and televisions at the same time

00:56:44
Eisenhower's presidency was

00:56:47
a time of unease racial
discrimination was intense in

00:56:54
1954 the u.s.

00:56:56
Supreme Court declared that states
could no longer have separate public

00:57:02
schools for white and black students
some whites strongly objected to

00:57:09
the decision they tried to block black
students from entering schools sometimes

00:57:16
using violence Eisenhower sent
troops to enforce the federal law

00:57:23
to d.

00:57:24
Segregate public schools. Later
Eisenhower use the power of his office

00:57:31
to enforce other desegregation and voting
rights laws but he did not speak up

00:57:37
strongly in support of civil rights
he thought both those who blocked

00:57:44
a civil rights legislation and
those who demanded it were extreme

00:57:51
Eisenhower also did not publicly criticize
Senator Joseph McCarthy who accused

00:57:58
the u.s.

00:57:59
Government of protecting Soviet
spies Eisenhower strongly disliked

00:58:05
McCarthy but he permitted the Red
Scare to continue until the lawmaker

00:58:12
could discredit himself finally
despite Eisenhower's efforts the

00:58:19
Cold War did not end in fact
tensions between the u.s.

00:58:25
And Soviet Union increased although I
somehow or succeeded in keeping the

00:58:32
country out of war many of vents during
his presidency created the conditions for

00:58:38
later conflicts
nevertheless Eisenhower was

00:58:43
a popular president both before
during and after his time in office

00:58:50
during his final years he wrote several
books about his life traveled and

00:58:57
advised later presidents he had suffered

00:59:01
a heart attack during his 1st term in office
and eventually suffered another one he

00:59:07
died at the age of 78 with
his family by his side.

00:59:18
I'm Kelly Kelly. And that's
our program for today

00:59:25
listen again tomorrow to learn English 3
stories from around the world I'm Jonathan

00:59:32
Evans and I'm Ashley Thompson.

00:59:47
From Washington this is feel way new.

00:59:56
I'm Jonathan Jones reporting the u.s.

00:59:58
Secretary of state Rex Tillerson has made
an unannounced visit to Afghanistan to

01:00:03
discuss the new u.s.

01:00:04
Strategy for South Asia with the
country's leaders Tillerson is on

01:00:08
a Middle East in South Asia tour he met
Monday with President gonna be the chief

01:00:13
executive Abdullah Abdullah and other
officials at bug face outside air base that

01:00:19
he is.

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